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to support one's family

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1 support

[səˈpɔːt]
1. verb

1) to bear the weight of, or hold upright, in place etc:

That chair won't support him / his weight

He limped home, supported by a friend on either side of him.
يَسْنِد، يَحْمِل
2) to give help, or approval to:

He has always supported our cause

His family supported him in his decision.
يَدْعَم، يُسانِد، يُؤَيِّد
3) to provide evidence for the truth of:

New discoveries have been made that support his theory

The second witness supported the statement of the first one.
يُعَزِّز، يُؤَيِّد
4) to supply with the means of living:

He has a wife and four children to support.
يُعيل
2. noun

1) the act of supporting or state of being supported:

That type of shoe doesn't give the foot much support

The plan was cancelled because of lack of support

Her job is the family's only means of support

I would like to say a word or two in support of his proposal.
دَعْم، تأييد
2) something that supports:

One of the supports of the bridge collapsed.
سِناد، دِعامَه، رَكيزَه

Arabic-English dictionary > support
2 sostenere

support

( affermare) maintain

* * *

sostenere v.tr.

1 to support, to hold* up, to sustain: l'ho sostenuto col braccio, I supported him with my arm; sostenere qlcu. per la vita, to hold s.o. up by the waist; il muro è sostenuto da pali, the wall is supported (o propped up) by posts; tutto il peso era sostenuto da una grossa corda, the entire weight was supported by a thick rope // la speranza ci sostiene, hope gives us strength

2 ( portare) to carry, to take*: questo ponte non può sostenere più di dieci tonnellate, this bridge cannot carry more than ten tons; il tavolino non può sostenere tutto quel peso, the table can't take all that weight

3 ( appoggiare) to back (up), to support, to uphold*; ( difendere) to defend: fu sostenuto da suo padre in tutti i modi, he was backed (up) by his father in every way; questa teoria è sostenuta dall'esperienza e dai fatti, this theory is supported by experience and by facts; sostenere una teoria, to back up a theory; sostenere una causa, una dottrina, to uphold (o to support o to defend) a cause, a doctrine; sono pronto a sostenere il mio punto di vista, I am ready to uphold (o to defend) my point of view; sostenere una candidatura, to back a candidacy; sostenere un partito, to support a party; ( con finanziamenti) to back a party; il giornale ha sostenuto la sua campagna elettorale, the newspaper backed his election campaign // (dir.): sostenere un'accusa, to support a charge; sostenere la difesa di qlcu. in giudizio, to defend s.o. in court // (econ.): sostenere i prezzi, to peg (o to support) prices; sostenere una moneta, to back (o to support) a currency // sostenere un amico, to stand by a friend // sostenere il buon nome, la reputazione della famiglia, to keep up the good name, the reputation of one's family

4 ( asserire) to maintain, to assert, to uphold*: l'ho detto e lo sostengo, I said it and I maintain it; sostiene d'averlo visto, he maintains (o asserts) that he saw it; sostenere la propria innocenza, to maintain that one is innocent (o to assert one's innocence); sostenere la verità, to uphold the truth

5 ( resistere a) to resist; to withstand*: sostenere un attacco nemico, to resist an enemy attack; sostenere il fuoco nemico, to withstand enemy fire

6 ( sopportare) to bear*; to stand*, to endure; ( reggere) to stand* up to: sostenere le spese di qlco., to bear the cost of sthg.; sostenere perdite, to sustain losses; sostenere la concorrenza, to stand up to (o to meet) competition; sostenere il confronto con..., to stand (o to bear) comparison with...; sostenere un interrogatorio, to undergo questioning; sostenere una prova, to stand a test; gli argini non hanno sostenuto la pressione dell'acqua, the banks did not stand up to the pressure of the water; riuscì a sostenere la tensione per un lungo periodo, he succeeded in standing up to the strain for a long time; non so come riesca a sostenere questo ritmo di vita, I don't know how she stands this pace

7 ( provvedere al mantenimento) to support: sostenere la propria famiglia, to support one's family

8 ( esercitare) to hold*: sostenere la presidenza, to hold the presidency; sostenere un incarico, to hold (o to occupy) a position

9 ( rinvigorire) to strengthen, to sustain: un buon caffè ti sosterrà per qualche ora, a good cup of coffee will keep you going for a few hours.

◘ sostenersi v.rifl. o intr.pron.

1 ( tenersi in piedi) to stand* (up) (anche fig.): ( appoggiarsi) to support oneself; to lean*: cammina sostenendosi con un bastone, he walks with a stick; si sosteneva al muro, he was leaning against the wall; è un'ipotesi che non si sostiene, it's a hypothesis that isn't convincing (o doesn't hold water); sostenere reciprocamente, to back each other up

2 ( sostentarsi) to sustain oneself, to keep* up one's strength: deve sostenere con cibi molto nutrienti, he must sustain himself (o keep up his strength) with nourishing food

3 ( mantenersi) to support oneself, to keep* oneself: guadagna appena il necessario per sostenere, he hardly makes enough to keep himself; è un giornale che si sostiene con finanziamenti privati, it is a newspaper with private (financial) backing.

* * *

1. [soste'nere]
vb irreg vt
1) (gen : tenere su) to support, hold up, (con medicina) to sustain

sostenere il peso di (anche) fig — to bear the weight of

l'albero è sostenuto da una sbarra di ferro — the tree is supported by an iron bar

2) (candidato, partito) to support, back, (famiglia) to support

il partito è sostenuto dall'industria — the party is supported by industry

sostenere qn — (moralmente) to be a support to sb, (difendere) to stand up for sb, take sb's part

3) (attacco, shock) to stand up to, withstand, (sguardo) to bear, stand, (sforzo) to keep up, sustain, (esame) to take

sostenere gli esami — to sit one's exams

ho sostenuto gli esami in giugno — I sat my exams in June

sostenere il confronto — to bear o stand comparison

sostenere delle spese — to meet o incur expenses

sostenere un'ingente spesa — to have a large outlay

4) (teoria) to maintain, uphold, (diritti) to assert, (innocenza) to maintain

la tesi da lui sostenuta è che... — he maintains that...

ha sempre sostenuto la propria innocenza — he's always maintained his innocence

5) Teatro Cine

sostenere una parte — to play a role

sostenere la parte di — to play the part of

2. vr (sostenersi)

1) (tenersi su) to hold o.s. up, support o.s., (con medicine) to keep o.s. going, keep one's strength up

sostenersi al muro — (appoggiarsi) to hold on to the wall, lean on the wall

2) (uso reciproco) to hold each other up, (fig : moralmente) to stand by each other, support each other

* * *
[soste'nere] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (reggere) to support, to sustain, to bear*, to carry [ peso]; to support, to prop (up) [ muro]; to prop [ tetto]; to hold* up [ scaffale]; to support [ferito, malato]

2) fig. (appoggiare) to back (up), to stand* by, to prop up [ persona]; to back, to support [partito, candidato causa]; to prop up, to sustain [economia, regime]; to defend, to uphold* [idea, principio, teoria]

ti sosterrò fino in fondo — I'm with you o behind you all the way

3) fig. (mantenere alto) to keep* [sth.] going [ conversazione]; to keep* up, to sustain [ ritmo]

4) (affermare) to claim, to assert, to maintain

si può sostenere che — it's arguable that

sostenere il proprio punto di vista — to argue one's point

sostenere di essere innocente — to claim to be innocent

5) fig. (sopportare, fronteggiare, tollerare) to bear* [ tensione]; to stand* [ confronto]

sostenere forti spese — to go to great expense

non riusciva a sostenere il suo sguardo — he couldn't meet her eye

6) (affrontare) to take*, to stand*, to sit* (for) BE [esami, prove]

7) teatr. to play, to act [ parte]

8) fig. (nutrire) to nourish, to give* strength to
2.
verbo pronominale sostenersi

1) (reggersi in piedi) to stand* up

2) (mantenersi in forma) to sustain oneself

3) (economicamente) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself

* * *

sostenere

/soste'nere/ [93]

I verbo transitivo

1 (reggere) to support, to sustain, to bear*, to carry [ peso]; to support, to prop (up) [ muro]; to prop [ tetto]; to hold* up [ scaffale]; to support [ferito, malato]

2 fig. (appoggiare) to back (up), to stand* by, to prop up [ persona]; to back, to support [partito, candidato causa]; to prop up, to sustain [economia, regime]; to defend, to uphold* [idea, principio, teoria]; ti sosterrò fino in fondo I'm with you o behind you all the way

3 fig. (mantenere alto) to keep* [sth.] going [ conversazione]; to keep* up, to sustain [ ritmo]

4 (affermare) to claim, to assert, to maintain; si può sostenere che it's arguable that; sostenere il proprio punto di vista to argue one's point; sostenere di essere innocente to claim to be innocent

5 fig. (sopportare, fronteggiare, tollerare) to bear* [ tensione]; to stand* [ confronto]; sostenere forti spese to go to great expense; non riusciva a sostenere il suo sguardo he couldn't meet her eye

6 (affrontare) to take*, to stand*, to sit* (for) BE [esami, prove]

7 teatr. to play, to act [ parte]

8 fig. (nutrire) to nourish, to give* strength to

II sostenersi verbo pronominale

1 (reggersi in piedi) to stand* up

2 (mantenersi in forma) to sustain oneself

3 (economicamente) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > sostenere
3 underhold

support

* * *

(et)

( forsørgelse) support,

(især jur) maintenance ( fx pay for her maintenance; pay a sum towards the maintenance of the children);

( udkomme) living, livelihood,

F subsistence;

[ tjene til familiens underhold] support one's family;

[ tjene til sit underhold] earn one's living, support oneself.

Danish-English dictionary > underhold
4 mantener

v.

1 to keep.

mantener algo en buen estado to keep something in good condition

mantener una promesa to keep a promise

mantener la calma to stay calm

Los mantengo trabajando I keep them working.

Ellos mantienen el proyecto They maintain the project.

2 to support (with scaffold, columns).

mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air

3 to support.

con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages

4 to have (relationships, conversations).

mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with somebody

5 to stick to (to defend) (conviction).

mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent

mantiene que no la vió he maintains that he didn't see her

6 to maintain, to keep, to conserve, to hold.

Ellos mantienen unas mantas They maintain some bedcovers.

Mantiene sus mismas creencias de antes He keeps his old views.

Ellos mantienen su opinión They maintain their opinion.

María mantiene a su hijo Mary maintains=provides for her son.

Ella mantiene su declaración She maintains her declaration.

7 to claim to, to hold to, to maintain to.

Ellos mantienen haber limpiado They claim to have cleaned.

* * *

mantener

Conjugation model [ TENER], like link=tener tener

► verbo transitivo

1 (conservar) to keep

■ la policía mantiene el orden público the police keep law and order

■ la nevera mantiene los alimentos en buenas condiciones the fridge keeps food fresh

■ 'Mantenga Zamora limpia' "Keep Zamora tidy"

2 (tener) to keep

■ 'Mantener en posición vertical' "Keep vertical"

■ 'Mantener fuera del alcance de los niños' "Keep out of the reach of children"

3 (sostener) to support, hold up, hold

■ estos pilares mantienen el techo these pillars support the roof

■ no sé como se mantiene en pie con lo que ha bebido I don't know how he can stand up after having drunk so much

4 (sustentar) to support, maintain

■ ella sola mantiene a toda la familia she supports the whole family by herself

5 (afirmación etc) to maintain

■ pues yo mantengo que no es verdad well, I maintain that it is not true

6 (conversación, relaciones) to have; (reunión) to hold, have; (correspondencia) to keep up; (promesa, palabra) to keep

■ afirma que no mantuvieron relaciones sexuales he states that they did not have sexual intercourse

■ mantuvieron una larga correspondencia they kept up a lengthy correspondence

■ mantuvimos una reunión en su despacho we held a meeting in her office

► verbo pronominal mantenerse

1 (sostenerse) to remain, stand

2 (continuar en un estado, una posición) to keep

■ se mantuvo a distancia she kept her distance

■ se mantiene firme en sus creencias he remains firm in his beliefs

3 (sustenerse) to manage, maintain oneself, support oneself

4 (alimentarse) to eat, live

■ se mantiene a base de fruta she lives on fruit, she eats only fruit

■ no nos mantenemos del aire we can't live on air

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

mantener algo en secreto to keep something secret

mantenerse aparte to stay out of it, not get involved

mantenerse en contacto con to stay in contact with

mantenerse en forma to keep in shape, keep in trim, keep fit

mantenerse en pie to stand, remain standing

mantenerse en sus trece to stick to one's guns

mantenerse vivo,-a to stay alive

* * *

verb

1) to keep

2) maintain

3) hold

4) support

5) sustain

* * *

1. VT

1) (=sostener) [gen] to hold; [+ puente, techo] to support

mantén la caja un momento — hold the box a minute

los pilares que mantienen el puente — the pillars which support the bridge

2) (=preservar)

a) [en un lugar] to store, keep

una vez abierto manténgase refrigerado — once opened keep in a refrigerator

"manténgase en un lugar fresco y seco" — "store in a cool dry place"

b) [en un estado o situación] to keep

la ilusión es lo único que lo mantiene vivo — hope is the only thing that keeps him alive o going

hay que mantener actualizada la base de datos — we have to keep the database up to date

para mantener el motor en buen estado — to keep the engine in good condition

mantenga limpia su ciudad — keep your city clean

manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños — keep out of the reach of children

• mantener algo caliente — to keep sth hot

• mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth, keep sth balanced

• mantener algo en secreto — to keep sth a secret

mantuvo en secreto que tenía dos hijos — she kept her two children a secret
raya I, 1)
3) (=conservar) [+ opinión] to maintain, hold; [+ costumbre, ideales] to keep up, maintain; [+ disciplina] to maintain, keep; [+ promesa] to keep

un alto porcentaje mantenía su opinión sobre la crisis — a high percentage maintained o held their opinion about the crisis

me marcho manteniendo mi opinión — I'm leaving, but I stand by my opinion

una civilización que lucha por mantener sus tradiciones — a civilization struggling to uphold o maintain its traditions

eran partidarios de mantener el antiguo orden social — they were in favour of preserving the old social order

mantener el orden público — to keep the peace

• al conducir hay que mantener la distancia de seguridad — you have to keep (at) a safe distance when driving

• mantener el equilibrio — to keep one's balance

le cuesta mantener el equilibrio — he finds it difficult to keep his balance

hemos conseguido mantener el equilibrio entre ingresos y gastos — we have managed to maintain a balance between income and expenditure

• mantener el fuego — to keep the fire going

• mantener la línea — to keep one's figure, keep in shape

• mantener la paz — to keep the peace, maintain peace

- mantenella y no emendalla
calma, distancia
4) [económicamente] to support, maintain

ahora tiene una familia que mantener — now he has a family to support o maintain

ya no pienso mantenerla más — I refuse to keep o support o maintain her any longer

5) [+ conversación, contacto] to maintain, hold

es incapaz de mantener una conversación coherente — he is incapable of maintaining o holding a coherent conversation

en las conversaciones que hemos mantenido con el presidente — in the talks we have held with the president

¿han mantenido ustedes relaciones sexuales? — have you had sexual relations?
correspondencia 2)
6) (=afirmar) to maintain

siempre he mantenido lo contrario — I've always maintained the opposite

2.

See:

mantenerse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep

2)

a) (conservar, preservar) to keep

mantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure

para mantener su peso actual — to maintain his present weight

mantener las viejas tradiciones — to keep up the old traditions

el euro ha mantenido su valor — the euro has held its value

b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep

mantener el equilibrio — to keep one's balance

mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth

mantenga limpia su ciudad — keep Norwich (o York etc) tidy

3)

a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintain

las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra — the negotiations held in Geneva

b) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep

4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
2.
mantenerse verbo pronominal

1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself

2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep

se mantuvieron en primera división — they kept their place in the first division

la torre aún se mantiene en pie — the tower is still standing

mantenerse a distancia — to keep one's distance

mantenerse en contacto con algn — to keep in touch with sb

se mantuvo neutral en la disputa — he remained neutral in the dispute

3) ( alimentarse)

mantenerse a base de latas — to live off tinned food

se mantiene a base de vitaminas — he lives on vitamin pills

* * *

= hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.

Ex. The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.

Ex. Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.

Ex. Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.

Ex. They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.

Ex. The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.

Ex. At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.

Ex. The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.

Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.

Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex. Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.

Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex. The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.

Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.

Ex. The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.

----

* capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.

* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.

* de mantener una conversación = conversational.

* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.

* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.

* mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.

* mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.

* mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.

* mantener a flote = keep + afloat.

* mantener a la par de = keep up with.

* mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.

* mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.

* mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.

* mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.

* mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.

* mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.

* mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.

* mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.

* mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.

* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.

* mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.

* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.

* mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.

* mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.

* mantener al ralentí = idle.

* mantener a mano = keep to + hand.

* mantener aparte = keep + separate.

* mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.

* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.

* mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.

* mantener constancia de = keep + record of.

* mantener contacto = maintain + contact.

* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.

* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.

* mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.

* mantener el control = stay in + control.

* mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.

* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.

* mantener el orden = keep + order, police.

* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.

* mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.

* mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.

* mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.

* mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.

* mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.

* mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.

* mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.

* mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.

* mantener informado = keep + informed.

* mantener junto = keep together.

* mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.

* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.

* mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.

* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.

* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.

* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.

* mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.

* mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).

* mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.

* mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.

* mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.

* mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.

* mantener la posición = hold + the line.

* mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.

* mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.

* mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.

* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.

* mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.

* mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.

* mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.

* mantener la vida = sustain + life.

* mantener libre de = keep + free of.

* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* mantener los precios = hold + prices down.

* mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.

* mantener ocupado = keep + busy.

* mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.

* mantener presente = keep before.

* mantener presionado = hold down.

* mantener registro de = keep + record of.

* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.

* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.

* mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).

* mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.

* mantenerse a distancia = stand off.

* mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.

* mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.

* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.

* mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.

* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.

* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.

* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.

* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.

* mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.

* mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.

* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.

* mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.

* mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.

* mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.

* mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.

* mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.

* mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.

* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.

* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.

* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.

* mantenerse bien = keep + well.

* mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.

* mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.

* mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.

* mantenerse como válido = hold up.

* mantener secreto = keep + secret.

* mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.

* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.

* mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).

* mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.

* mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.

* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.

* mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.

* mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.

* mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.

* mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.

* mantenerse fiel a = stick with.

* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.

* mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.

* mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.

* mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.

* mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.

* mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.

* mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.

* mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.

* mantener separado = keep apart.

* mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.

* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.

* mantenerse unidos = stick together.

* mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.

* mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.

* mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.

* mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.

* mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.

* mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.

* mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.

* mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.

* mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.

* mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.

* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.

* mantener un concepto = hold + concept.

* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.

* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.

* mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.

* mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.

* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.

* mantener un registro = keep + log.

* mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.

* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.

* mantener vigente = keep + alive.

* mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.

* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.

* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.

* voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( económicamente) <familia/persona> to support, maintain; < perro> to keep; < amante> to keep

2)

a) (conservar, preservar) to keep

mantener la calma/la compostura — to keep calm/one's composure

para mantener su peso actual — to maintain his present weight

mantener las viejas tradiciones — to keep up the old traditions

el euro ha mantenido su valor — the euro has held its value

b) (cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep

mantener el equilibrio — to keep one's balance

mantener algo en equilibrio — to balance sth

mantenga limpia su ciudad — keep Norwich (o York etc) tidy

3)

a) < conversaciones> to have; < contactos> to maintain, keep up; < correspondencia> to keep up; < relaciones> to maintain

las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra — the negotiations held in Geneva

b) ( cumplir) <promesa/palabra> to keep

4) (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
2.
mantenerse verbo pronominal

1) ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself

2) (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep

se mantuvieron en primera división — they kept their place in the first division

la torre aún se mantiene en pie — the tower is still standing

mantenerse a distancia — to keep one's distance

mantenerse en contacto con algn — to keep in touch with sb

se mantuvo neutral en la disputa — he remained neutral in the dispute

3) ( alimentarse)

mantenerse a base de latas — to live off tinned food

se mantiene a base de vitaminas — he lives on vitamin pills

* * *

= hold together, keep, maintain, maintain, preserve, retain, store, support, sustain, uphold, hold, service, carry on, keep + Nombre + going, operate, hold on to.

Ex: The organization was trembling on the brink of financial disaster, and only the journal, American Documentation, was holding it together.

Ex: Guard book or scrapbook type arrangement, with possibly a loose-leaf format, is suitable for organising and keeping cuttings, letters and other small items.

Ex: Expressiveness can be difficult to maintain as new subjects are added.

Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.

Ex: The concepts are organised into facets, and the facets are arranged and applied in such a way that the general to special order is preserved.

Ex: At an earlier stage, the Library of Congress had decided to retain certain pre-AACR headings, in order to avoid the expense of extensive recataloguing.

Ex: The records in a computer data base are structured in order to suit the information that is being stored for various applications.

Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.

Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.

Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.

Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex: Special storage facilities have been constructed which are at present serviced manually but will soon be computerised.

Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex: The author explains how libraries can keep their services going without being slaves to the job.

Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.

Ex: The girls were swept away by the water as they failed to hold on to the bus stand.

* capacidad de mantener la atención = attention span.

* debate + mantenerse = debate + rage.

* de mantener una conversación = conversational.

* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* mantener a Alguien alerta = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.

* mantener a Alguien atento = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.

* mantener a Alguien en vilo = keep + Nombre + on + Posesivo + toes.

* mantener a Alguien informado de = keep + Nombre + posted on.

* mantener activo = keep + Nombre + going.

* mantener a flote = keep + afloat.

* mantener a la par de = keep up with.

* mantener alejado = keep away, keep + Nombre + out.

* mantener Algo abierto = hold + Nombre + open.

* mantener Algo activo = keep + Nombre + at the fore.

* mantener Algo alejado = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.

* mantener Algo al mínimo = keep + Nombre + at a minimum.

* mantener Algo a salvo = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.

* mantener Algo controlado = keep + Nombre + in check.

* mantener Algo en el buen camino = keep + Nombre + on track.

* mantener Algo en equilibrio = keep + Nombre + in balance.

* mantener Algo en la dirección correcta = keep + Nombre + on track.

* mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.

* mantener Algo fuera de peligro = keep + Nombre + out of harm's way.

* mantener Algo ordenado = keep + Nombre + tidy, keep + Nombre + in order.

* mantener Algo vivo = keep + the flame alive, keep + Nombre + at the fore.

* mantener al ralentí = idle.

* mantener a mano = keep to + hand.

* mantener aparte = keep + separate.

* mantener a raya = keep at + bay, hold off, keep + Nombre + in line, hold at + bay.

* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.

* mantener bajo vigilancia = keep under + observation.

* mantener constancia de = keep + record of.

* mantener contacto = maintain + contact.

* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.

* mantener cooperación = maintain + cooperation.

* mantener dentro = keep + Nombre + in.

* mantener el control = stay in + control.

* mantener el ímpetu = maintain + momentum.

* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.

* mantener el orden = keep + order, police.

* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.

* mantener el ritmo = keep + pace.

* mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.

* mantener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.

* mantener en privado = be out of the public eye.

* mantener en reserva = keep on + reserve, keep in + reserve.

* mantener en secreto = keep + secret, keep + hush hush, keep + confidential, keep + Nombre + under wraps.

* mantener en sintonía = keep in + step.

* mantener firme = keep + steady, hold in + line, hold + steady.

* mantener informado = keep + informed.

* mantener junto = keep together.

* mantener la atención de Alguien = hold + Posesivo + attention.

* mantener la boca cerrada = keep + Posesivo + mouth shut.

* mantener la bola rodando = keep + the ball rolling.

* mantener la cabeza = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together.

* mantener la cabeza alta = hold + Posesivo + head high.

* mantener la cabeza fría = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* mantener la calma = keep + Posesivo + head, keep + Posesivo + head together, keep + Pronombre + cool, remain + cool-headed, keep + a cool head, play it + cool.

* mantener la coherencia = maintain + consistency.

* mantener la compostura = keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).

* mantener la continuidad = maintain + continuity.

* mantener la delantera = keep + ahead.

* mantener la disciplina = maintain + discipline.

* mantener la palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.

* mantener la posición = hold + the line.

* mantener las apariencias = keep up + appearances.

* mantener las cosas en marcha = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.

* mantener las cosas en movimiento = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.

* mantener las cosas funcionando = keep + the ball rolling, keep + it rolling.

* mantener las cuentas = keep + Posesivo + accounts.

* mantener las distancias con = keep + Nombre + at arm's length.

* mantener la serenidad = keep + Pronombre + cool, keep + a cool head, remain + cool-headed, play it + cool.

* mantener la tradición = keep with + tradition.

* mantener la vida = sustain + life.

* mantener libre de = keep + free of.

* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.

* mantener los precios = hold + prices down.

* mantener oculto = keep + Nombre + under wraps.

* mantener ocupado = keep + busy.

* mantener ordenado = keep + Nombre + neat and tidy.

* mantener presente = keep before.

* mantener presionado = hold down.

* mantener registro de = keep + record of.

* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.

* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.

* mantenerse actualizado = keep up to + date (with).

* mantenerse actualizado de = keep + abreast of.

* mantenerse a distancia = stand off.

* mantenerse a flote = keep + Posesivo + head above the water, keep + the wolves from the door, stay + afloat, stay in + business.

* mantenerse aislado = keep to + Reflexivo.

* mantenerse a la cabeza = stay + ahead of the pack.

* mantenerse a la escucha = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse al corriente = keep + current.

* mantenerse al corriente de = keep + abreast of, stay + abreast of, keep + track of.

* mantenerse al día = keep up to + date (with), keep up with + the current scene, keep + current.

* mantenerse al día de = keep + abreast of, keep + pace with, keep up with, stay + abreast of, keep + a finger on the pulse of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.

* mantenerse al día de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al día de los avances = track + developments.

* mantenerse alejado = stay away, remain + aloof.

* mantenerse alejado de = stay away from, steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.

* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.

* mantenerse alejado de la mirada pública = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.

* mantenerse alejado de + Nombre = keep + Nombre + at a distance.

* mantenerse alerta = keep + alert, keep + an eye open, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* mantenerse al frente = keep + ahead.

* mantenerse al margen = keep to + Reflexivo, take + a back seat, stand by, remain on + the sidelines.

* mantenerse al margen de = remain + uninvolved in, hold + Reflexivo + apart from.

* mantenerse al margen de Algo = stay above + Algo.

* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.

* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.

* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.

* mantenerse atento = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = have + an ear to the ground, keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.

* mantenerse bien = keep + well.

* mantenerse caliente = keep + warm.

* mantenerse callado = keep + quiet.

* mantenerse callado y pensativo con cierto resentimiento = brood.

* mantenerse como válido = hold up.

* mantener secreto = keep + secret.

* mantenerse despierto = keep + alert, stay + awake.

* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.

* mantenerse en contacto = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse en contacto (con) = keep in + touch (with), stay in + touch (with).

* mantenerse en espera = stay + tuned.

* mantenerse en forma = keep + fit.

* mantenerse en línea con = keep in + line with.

* mantenerse en pie = hold + Posesivo + own.

* mantenerse en + Posesivo + trece = stick to + Posesivo + guns.

* mantenerse en sincronía = keep in + sync.

* mantenerse en su sitio = stand + Posesivo + ground.

* mantenerse en sus trece = stand + Posesivo + ground.

* mantenerse fiel a = stick with.

* mantenerse fiel a los principios de Uno = stick to + Posesivo + principles.

* mantenerse firme = stand + Posesivo + ground, stick to + Posesivo + guns.

* mantenerse impasible = keep + a stiff upper lip.

* mantenerse informado = keep up to + date (with), keep + current.

* mantenerse informado de = keep + abreast of.

* mantenerse lejos de = steer + clear of, give + Nombre + a wide berth, steer away from.

* mantenerse líder = stay + ahead of the pack.

* mantener(se) ocupado = keep + busy.

* mantener separado = keep apart.

* mantenerse por delante = keep + ahead.

* mantenerse por delante de la competencia = keep + one step ahead of the game, keep + one step ahead of the competition.

* mantenerse unidos = stick together.

* mantenerse vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.

* mantener silencio = keep + silent, keep + silence.

* mantener sincronizado = keep in + step.

* mantener suspenso en el aire = suspend.

* mantener todo controlado = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.

* mantener una actitud = hold + attitude.

* mantener una actitud abierta = be open-minded.

* mantener una apariencia de = maintain + a semblance of.

* mantener una conversación = hold + conversation.

* mantener una opinión = hold + view, hold + opinion.

* mantener una promesa = keep + Posesivo + promise.

* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.

* mantener un concepto = hold + concept.

* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.

* mantener un debate = hold + discussion.

* mantener un equilibrio = balance, maintain + a balance, keep + a balance.

* mantener un estándar = uphold + standard.

* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.

* mantener un registro = keep + log.

* mantener un registro de = keep + track of, record.

* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.

* mantener vigente = keep + alive.

* mantener vivo = keep + alive, maintain + momentum, keep + Nombre + going.

* máquina que mantiene las constantes vitales = life-support system.

* para mantener(se) ocupado = keep-busy.

* voluntad de mantener Algo en secreto = secretiveness.

* * *

mantener [ E27 ]

vt

A (sustentar económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain

cuesta una fortuna mantener a ese perro tan grande it costs a fortune to keep that enormous dog

¡y pretende que ella lo mantenga! and he expects her to support o keep him!

B

1 (conservar, preservar) to keep

mantener la calma/la compostura to keep calm/one's composure

mantener el orden to keep o ( frml) maintain order

para mantener la paz in order to keep the peace

mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight

mantener las viejas tradiciones to keep up the old traditions

2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep

los postes mantienen la viga en posición the posts keep the beam in position

mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance

lo mantiene en equilibrio sobre la punta de la nariz he balances it on the end of his nose

los militares lo mantuvieron en el poder the military kept him in power

todos los medicamentos deben mantenerse fuera del alcance de los niños all medicines should be kept out of reach of children

[ S ] mantenga limpia su ciudad keep Norwich ( o York etc) tidy

[ S ] una vez abierto manténgase refrigerado keep refrigerated once open

no mantiene su coche en buenas condiciones he doesn't keep his car in good condition, he doesn't maintain his car very well

sigue manteniendo vivos sus ideales he still keeps his ideals alive

C

1 ‹conversaciones› to have; ‹contactos› to maintain, keep up; ‹correspondencia› to keep up; ‹relaciones› to maintain

durante las negociaciones mantenidas en Ginebra during the negotiations held in Geneva

2 (cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep

D (afirmar, sostener) to maintain

mantiene que es inocente he maintains that he is innocent

■ mantenerse

v pron

A (sustentarse económicamente) to support o maintain o keep oneself

B (en cierto estado, cierta situación) (+ compl) to keep

se mantuvieron en primera división they kept their place o they stayed in the first division

mantenerse en forma to keep in shape, to keep fit

lo único que se mantiene en pie es la torre all that remains is the tower, only the tower is still standing

se mantiene al día she keeps up to date

siempre se mantuvo a distancia he always kept his distance

se mantuvo en contacto con sus amigos de la infancia he kept in touch with o kept up with his childhood friends

se mantuvo neutral en la disputa he remained neutral in the dispute

C

(alimentarse): nos mantuvimos a base de latas we lived off tinned food

se mantiene a base de vitaminas he lives on vitamin pills

* * *

mantener ( conjugate mantener) verbo transitivo
1 ( económicamente) ‹familia/persona› to support, maintain;
‹ amante› to keep
2 (conservar, preservar) to keep;
◊ mantener la calma to keep calm;

mantener el equilibrio to keep one's balance;
mantener algo en equilibrio to balance sth;
para mantener su peso actual to maintain his present weight
3
a) ‹ conversaciones› to have;

‹ contactos› to maintain, keep up;
‹ correspondencia› to keep up;
‹ relaciones› to maintain
b) ( cumplir) ‹promesa/palabra› to keep

4 (afirmar, sostener) to maintain
mantenerse verbo pronominal
1 ( sustentarse económicamente) to support oneself
2 (en cierto estado, cierta situación) to keep;
◊ mantenerse en forma to keep fit;

la torre aún se mantiene en pie the tower is still standing;
mantenerse en contacto (con algn) to keep in touch (with sb)
3 ( alimentarse):
◊ mantenerse a base de latas to live off tinned food

mantener verbo transitivo
1 (conservar) to keep: ella mantiene vivo su recuerdo, she keeps his memory alive
mantén la calma, keep calm
2 (sostener) to have: mantuvimos una conversación muy seria, we had a very serious talk
(una teoría, hipótesis) to defend, maintain
3 (alimentar, sustentar) to support, feed: no podían mantener las dos casas, they couldn't keep up both houses
4 (peso) to support, hold up
' mantener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
callarse
- conchabarse
- conservar
- conservarse
- continuismo
- escribirse
- ir
- hilo
- línea
- raya
- sustentar
- tener
- tipo
- ahuyentar
- alerta
- calma
- correspondencia
- corriente
- disciplina
- flote
- guardar
- llevar
- mantiene
- mantuve
- orden
- preservar
- sujetar
English:
balance
- bay
- buoy
- captive
- carry on
- cherish
- cool
- fire
- hold
- hold off
- house
- hygiene
- image
- keep
- keep away
- keep down
- keep up
- maintain
- order
- preserve
- provide for
- retain
- secrecy
- stall
- support
- suspense
- sustain
- swear
- track
- unionist
- uphold
- weight-watching
- white elephant
- carry
- clear
- conduct
- correspond
- credit
- door
- go
- head
- inform
- occupy
- peace
- police
- provide
- segregate
- stand
- stick
- struggle

* * *

mantener

♦ vt

1. [económicamente] to support;

con su sueldo mantiene a toda la familia he has to support o keep his whole family with his wages

2. [sostener] to keep;

un andamio mantiene el edificio en pie a scaffold supports the building o keeps the building from falling down;

mantén los brazos en alto keep your arms in the air

3. [conservar] to keep;
[ritmo, nivel, presión] to keep up;
mantener las amistades to keep up one's friendships;

mantener algo en buen estado to keep sth in good condition;

mantener la calma to stay calm;

mantener el orden to keep order;

mantener la línea to keep one's figure;

mantener una promesa/la palabra to keep a promise/one's word;

mantenga limpia su ciudad [en letrero] keep your city tidy;

manténgase en un lugar seco [en etiqueta] keep in a dry place;

manténgase fuera del alcance de los niños [en medicamento, producto tóxico] keep out of the reach of children;

es incapaz de mantener la boca cerrada he can't keep his mouth shut

4. [tener] [conversación] to have;
[negociaciones, diálogo] to hold;
mantener correspondencia con alguien to correspond with sb;

mantener relaciones con alguien to have a relationship with sb;

mantener contactos con alguien to be in contact with sb

5. [defender] [convicción, idea] to stick to;
[candidatura] to refuse to withdraw;
mantiene su inocencia she maintains that she is innocent;

mantiene que no la vio he maintains that he didn't see her

♦ See also the pronominal verb mantenerse

* * *

mantener

v/t

1 ( sujetar) hold; techo etc hold up

2 ( preservar) keep

3 conversación, relación have

4 económicamente support

5 ( afirmar) maintain

* * *

mantener {80} vt

1) sustentar: to support, to feed

mantener uno su familia: to support one's family

2) conservar: to keep, to preserve

3) continuar: to keep up, to sustain

mantener una correspondencia: to keep up a correspondence

4) afirmar: to maintain, to affirm

♦ See also the reflexive verb mantenerse

* * *

mantener vb

1. (en general) to keep [pt. & pp. kept]

la nevera mantiene los alimentos fríos the fridge keeps food cold

he mantenido mi promesa I've kept my promise

2. (económicamente) to support

su hijo mantiene a toda la familia their son supports the whole family

3. (afirmar) to maintain

mantengo lo que dije el mes pasado I maintain what I said last month

4. (sujetar) to hold [pt. & pp. held]

mantén bien sujeto el cuadro hold the picture tight

Spanish-English dictionary > mantener
5 Unterhalt

Unterhalt m 1. RECHT (BE) maintenance, (AE) support, maintenance payment; 2. VERSICH maintenance costs
* * *

m 1. < Recht> maintenance (BE), support (AE), maintenance payment; 2. < Versich> maintenance costs

* * *
Unterhalt
maintenance, [means of] support, subsistence, sustenance, livelihood, living, keep[ing], (an geschiedene Ehefrau) alimony, aliment (Scot.), (Kostgeld) board, (Zahlung aus dem Nachlass) family allowance (US);
• angemessener Unterhalt reasonable subsistence (maintenance), health and decency standard of living;
• auskömmlicher Unterhalt sufficiency;
• ehelicher Unterhalt matrimonial maintenance (Br.);
• laufender Unterhalt (Geschiedene) permanent alimony (Br.);
• lebenslanger Unterhalt lifetime support (US);
• notdürftiger Unterhalt bare existence (necessities of life);
• provisorischer (vorläufiger) Unterhalt temporary alimony (US);
• standesgemäßer Unterhalt comfortable maintenance, maintenance suitable to s. one’s station in life;
• Unterhalt einer Familie maintenance of a family;
• Unterhalt bei Getrenntleben separate maintenance (US);
• Unterhalt und Instandsetzung maintenance and repair;
• Unterhalt während des Prozesses alimony pendente lite;
• für seinen Unterhalt arbeiten to work for one’s living;
• gemeinsam für den Unterhalt aufkommen to share the maintenance;
• zum Unterhalt der Familie beitragen to contribute to the family’s keep;
• seinen Unterhalt selbst bestreiten to support o. s., to earn one’s living;
• Unterhalt fordern to claim maintenance;
• Unterhalt gewähren to provide maintenance, (Ehefrau) to pay alimony, to aliment;
• Anspruch auf Unterhalt haben to be entitled to an allowance, (Ehefrau) to be entitled to alimony;
• auf Unterhalt klagen to sue for maintenance;
• für seinen Unterhalt aufkommen können to pay one’s way;
• sich für seinen Unterhalt abrackern müssen to scrabble for one’s livelihood;
• für seinen Unterhalt auf j. angewiesen sein to be dependent upon s. o. for support;
• Unterhalt für seine Ehefrau sicherstellen to provide one’s wife with alimony;
• Unterhalt für seine Familie sicherstellen to support one’s family;
• seinen Unterhalt [selbst] verdienen to earn a living (one’s keep[ing]), to gain one’s livelihood, to pay one’s way, to support o. s.;
• seinen Unterhalt nicht verdienen not to earn one’s keep;
• seinen Unterhalt durch seiner Hände Arbeit verdienen to earn a living by manual labo(u)r;
• seinen Unterhalt durch Stundengeben verdienen to earn one’s livelihood by giving lessons;
• vom geschiedenen Ehemann Unterhalt für die Kinder verlangen to claim support for one’s children from the ex-husband;
• Unterhalt seiner Familie vernachlässigen to neglect to maintain one’s family;
• Unterhalt zahlen to pay alimony, to aliment;
• Unterhalt zuerkennen to award maintenance (alimony, US).

Business german-english dictionary > Unterhalt
6 mantenere

"to maintain, to keep;

Beibehalten, Einhalten;

manter"

* * *

keep

famiglia keep, maintain

in buono stato maintain

mantenersi in forma keep in shape

* * *

mantenere v.tr.

1 to keep*, to maintain, to preserve: manteniamo ancora vive queste tradizioni di famiglia, we still keep alive (o preserve) these family traditions; mantenere agile il corpo, to keep fit; mantenere le apparenze, to keep up appearances; mantenere buone relazioni con qlcu., to maintain good relations with s.o.; mantenere l'equilibrio, to keep one's balance; mantenere in vita qlcu., to keep s.o. alive; mantenere l'ordine, to keep (o to maintain) order; mantenere la pace, to keep the peace; (mil.) mantenere una posizione, to hold a position; mantenere i prezzi alti, to keep prices high (o to keep up prices) // mantenere la linea, (serbarsi snello) to keep one's figure

2 (sostentare) to maintain, to sustain, to support, to keep*: mantenere la famiglia, to maintain (o to keep o to support) one's family; mantenere un'istituzione benefica, to support a charitable institution; si fa mantenere dalla moglie, he lets his wife keep him

3 (conservare in buono stato) to maintain: mantenere le strade, to maintain roads

4 (rispettare) to keep*: l'aereo mantiene l'orario, the aircraft is making good time; mantenere la parola data, to keep one's word; mantenere una promessa, to keep a promise; mantenere un segreto, to keep a secret

5 (sostenere) to maintain; to support: quel che ho detto lo mantengo, I maintain what I have said; mantenere un'opinione, to maintain an opinion

6 (inform.) to hold*.

◘ mantenersi v.intr.pron. to keep*: in frigo la carne si mantiene più a lungo, meat keeps longer in the fridge; mantenere fresco, to keep cool; spero che il tempo si mantenga bello la prossima settimana, I hope the weather keeps fine next week; mantenere a galla, to keep afloat; mantenere giovane, to keep young; mantenere in buona salute, to keep fit (o in good health); mantenere in contatto con qlcu., to keep in touch with s.o.

◆ v.rifl. (sostentarsi) to earn one's living, to subsist, to keep* oneself: mi mantengo facendo il cameriere, I earn my living as a waiter; non avere come, da mantenere, to have insufficient means.

* * *

1. [mante'nere]
vb irreg vt
1) (gen) to keep, (decisione) to stand by, abide by, (promessa) to keep, maintain, (tradizione) to maintain, uphold, (edificio) to maintain

mantenere l'equilibrio/la linea — to keep one's balance/one's figure

mantenere qn in vita — to keep sb alive

mantenere i prezzi bassi — to hold prices down

mantenere i contatti con qn — to keep in touch with sb

mantenere l'ordine Polizia — to maintain law and order, (in assemblea ecc) to keep order

pensi che manterrà la promessa? — do you think she'll keep her promise?

cerca di mantenere la calma — try to keep calm

2) (famiglia) to maintain, support

ha una famiglia da mantenere — he's got a family to support

2. vr (mantenersi)

1) (conservarsi)

mantenersi calmo/giovane — to stay o keep o remain calm/young

mantenersi bene — to look good for one's age

2) (sostentarsi) to keep o.s.

si mantiene da anni — he has supported himself financially for years

lavora per mantenersi — he works for a living

si mantiene facendo la cameriera — (studentessa) she supports herself by waitressing

3. vip (mantenersi)

(cibi) to keep

il tempo si mantiene bello — the weather is holding

* * *
[mante'nere] 1.
verbo transitivo

1) (tenere, far durare) to maintain [temperatura, velocità]; to keep*, to preserve [ pace]; to keep*, to maintain [ legami]; to keep* [ segreto]

mantenere la calma — to keep one's calm o cool o temper, to stay cool

mantenere le distanze — to stand aloof

mantenere in vita qcn. — to keep sb. alive

mantenere giovane — to keep young

2) (tenere fede a) to keep*, to fulfil BE, to fulfill AE [ promessa]

mantengo quello che ho detto — I stand by what I said

3) (conservare) to hold* [posizione, primato]; to keep* [ abitudini]

4) (sostenere finanziariamente) to keep*, to maintain [famiglia, amante]; to maintain [ stile di vita]
2.
verbo pronominale mantenersi

1) (conservarsi) [ cibo] to keep*; [ tempo] to hold*

se il tempo si mantiene al bello — if the fine weather holds

- rsi giovane — to keep o stay young

- rsi in buona salute — to keep oneself healthy

- rsi in forma — to keep oneself in trim o shape, to keep fit

2) (finanziarsi) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself

3) (restare)

-rsi fedele a qcn. — to be faithful to sb

* * *

mantenere

/mante'nere/ [93]

I verbo transitivo

1 (tenere, far durare) to maintain [ temperatura, velocità]; to keep*, to preserve [ pace]; to keep*, to maintain [ legami]; to keep* [ segreto]; mantenere la calma to keep one's calm o cool o temper, to stay cool; mantenere le distanze to stand aloof; mantenere in vita qcn. to keep sb. alive; mantenere giovane to keep young

2 (tenere fede a) to keep*, to fulfil BE, to fulfill AE [ promessa]; mantengo quello che ho detto I stand by what I said

3 (conservare) to hold* [ posizione, primato]; to keep* [ abitudini]

4 (sostenere finanziariamente) to keep*, to maintain [ famiglia, amante]; to maintain [ stile di vita]

II mantenersi verbo pronominale

1 (conservarsi) [ cibo] to keep*; [ tempo] to hold*; se il tempo si mantiene al bello if the fine weather holds; - rsi giovane to keep o stay young; - rsi in buona salute to keep oneself healthy; - rsi in forma to keep oneself in trim o shape, to keep fit

2 (finanziarsi) to earn one's living, to keep* oneself

3 (restare) -rsi fedele a qcn. to be faithful to sb.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > mantenere
7 subsistance

subsistance [sybzistɑ̃s]

feminine noun

( = moyens d'existence) subsistence

• assurer la subsistance de sa famille/de qn to support one's family/sb

• assurer sa (propre) subsistance to support o.s.

• économie/agriculture de subsistance subsistence economy/agriculture

* * *
sybzistɑ̃s
nom féminin ( de personne) subsistence; ( de plante) sustenance; ( moyens de survie)

(moyens de) subsistance — means of support, livelihood

frais de subsistance — living expenses

économie de subsistance — subsistence economy

assurer la subsistance de sa famille — to support one's family

* * *
sybzistɑ̃s nf
subsistence

pourvoir à la subsistance de qn — to keep sb, to provide for sb's keep

* * *

subsistance

A nf ( de personne) subsistence; ( de plante) sustenance; ( moyens de survie) (moyens de) subsistance means of support, livelihood; frais/économie de subsistance subsistence allowance/economy; avoir la subsistance assurée to have a secure livelihood; perdre ses moyens de subsistance to lose one's means of support; assurer sa propre subsistance/la subsistance de sa famille to support oneself/one's family; contribuer à la subsistance du ménage to contribute to household expenses; tirer sa subsistance d'un bout de terrain to eke out a living from a small piece of land.

B subsistances nfpl Mil food supplies.

[sybzistɑ̃s] nom féminin

[existence matérielle] subsistence

pourvoir à ou assurer la subsistance de quelqu'un to support ou to maintain ou to keep somebody

elle arrive tout juste à assurer sa subsistance she just manages to survive, she has just enough to keep body and soul together

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > subsistance
8 durchbringen

(unreg., trennb., hat -ge-)

I v/t

1. (durch etw.) durchbringen get s.th. oder s.o. through (s.th.)

2. (Kranken) save s.o.

3. (Kinder etc.) support, feed, provide for

4. pej. (Geld) squander, get ( oder go) through (quickly), blow umg.

5. umg. (zerteilen können) get through

II v/refl support o.s., make (both) ends meet; mühsam: scrape by ( oder through)

* * *

to get through; to carry

* * *
dụrch|brin|gen sep
1. vt

1) (durch etw sth) (= durchsetzen) (durch Prüfung, Kontrolle) to get through; (durch Krankheit) to pull through; (= für Unterhalt sorgen) to provide for, to support

2) Geld to get through, to blow (inf)

3) (dial = durchbekommen) to get through

2. vr
to get by
sich kümmerlich durchbringen — to scrape by

* * *

(to use up: We went through a lot of money on holiday.) go through

* * *

durch|brin·gen

[ˈdʊrçbrɪŋən]

vt irreg

1. (durchsetzen)

▪ etw [bei jdm] \durchbringen to push sth through [with sb]

einen Änderungsantrag im Parlament \durchbringen to have an amendment ratified in parliament

sie hat beim Chef ihre Gehaltserhöhung durchgebracht she managed to get the boss to approve her pay rise

▪ jdn \durchbringen to get sb elected

2. (für Unterhalt sorgen)

▪ jdn \durchbringen to support [or provide for] sb

▪ sich akk \durchbringen to get by

sich akk mehr schlecht als recht [o kümmerlich] [o mühsam] \durchbringen to scrape by

3. (ausgeben)

▪ etw [für etw akk] \durchbringen to get through [or fam blow] sth [on sth]

* * *

unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) s. durchbekommen

2) (durch eine Kontrolle)

etwas durchbringen — get something through

3) (bei Wahlen)

jemanden durchbringen — get somebody elected

4) (durchsetzen) get < bill> through; get < motion> passed; get < proposal> accepted

5) (versorgen)

seine Familie durchbringen — support one's family

6) (verschwenden) get through

* * *

durchbringen (irr, trennb, hat -ge-)

A. v/t

1.

(durch etwas) durchbringen get sth oder sb through (sth)

2. (Kranken) save sb

3. (Kinder etc) support, feed, provide for

4. pej (Geld) squander, get ( oder go) through (quickly), blow umg

5. umg (zerteilen können) get through

B. v/r support o.s., make (both) ends meet; mühsam: scrape by ( oder through)

* * *

unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) s. durchbekommen

2) (durch eine Kontrolle)

etwas durchbringen — get something through

3) (bei Wahlen)

jemanden durchbringen — get somebody elected

4) (durchsetzen) get < bill> through; get < motion> passed; get < proposal> accepted

5) (versorgen)

seine Familie durchbringen — support one's family

6) (verschwenden) get through

* * *

n.

dissipation n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > durchbringen
9 subvenir

subvenir [sybvəniʀ]

➭ TABLE 22 indirect transitive verb

• subvenir à [+ besoins] to provide for

• subvenir aux besoins de sa famille to support one's family

• subvenir à ses propres besoins to support o.s.

* * *
sybvəniʀ
verbe transitif indirect

subvenir à — to meet [dépenses, besoins]

subvenir aux besoins de sa famille — to provide for one's family

* * *
sybvəniʀ vi
subvenir à — to meet

subvenir aux besoins de qn — to meet sb's needs

subvenir aux besoins de sa famille — to provide for one's family

* * *

subvenir verb table: venir vtr ind subvenir à to meet [dépenses]; subvenir aux besoins du pays/de la région to meet the country's/region's needs; subvenir aux besoins de sa famille to provide for one's family.

[sybvənir]

subvenir à verbe plus préposition

[besoins] to provide for

[dépenses] to meet

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > subvenir
10 содержать

нсв vt

1) давать средства к жизни to keep, to support

содержа́ть семью́ — to keep/to maintain/to support one's family

содержа́ть а́рмию — to maintain an army

2) вмещать to contain

содержа́ть це́нные све́дения — to contain valuable information sg

3) поддерживать в определённом состоянии to keep; в хорошем состоянии to keep up

содержа́ть в поря́дке — to keep in order

содержа́ть ко́мнату в чистоте́ — to keep one's room clean/tidy

содержа́ть кого-л под аре́стом/под стра́жей — to keep sb under arrest/in custody

содержа́ть магази́н — to keep a shop

содержа́ть тако́й дом о́чень до́рого — the upkeep/maintenance of the house is terribly expensive

Русско-английский учебный словарь > содержать
11 provvedere

1. v/t provide (di with)

2. v/i: provvedere a take care of

* * *

provvedere v.tr.

1 to provide, to supply, to furnish: provvedere i terremotati di viveri e medicinali, to provide earthquake victims with food and medicines; provvedere uno stadio di tribune coperte, to provide a stadium with covered stands

2 ( preparare) to get* ready, to prepare: provvedere tutto per la partenza, to prepare everything for the departure; provvedi che tutto sia pronto per le sei, get everything ready (o arrange for everything to be ready) by six

◆ v. intr.

1 to provide (for sthg.); to see* (to sthg.), to see* (about sthg.); to arrange (for sthg.): a ciò provvederà lui, he will see to it; provvedere a un pagamento, to see to a payment; provvedere al mantenimento della propria famiglia, to sustain (o to support) one's family; provvede all'educazione dei figli, he provides for his children's education; le autorità provvederanno al servizio di sicurezza, the authorities will provide (o see to) security arrangements; provvederemo al più presto a riparare il danno, we'll arrange for the damage to be repaired as soon as possible; non c'è più benzina: vedi di provvedere, there is no more petrol: make sure you see to it (o remember to get some); (comm.) provvedere alle necessità dei consumatori, to attend to consumers' needs; ho provveduto a tutto per la tua partenza, I have arranged everything for your departure; non ho ancora provveduto al mio passaporto, I have not seen (o done anything) about my passport yet; provvederò anche a questo, I shall arrange for this as well; devi provvedere che venga anche lui, you must get him to come too; dovresti provvedere di arrivare molto presto, you should arrange to arrive very early; provvederò affinché abbia tutto ciò che gli occorre, I shall see to it that he has everything he needs; provvederò subito personalmente, I shall see to it myself immediately // Dio vede, Dio provvede, (prov.) God sees our needs and provides for them

2 ( prendere cura) to take* care (of s.o., sthg.): chi provvederà ai miei figli?, who will take care of my children?

3 ( prendere un provvedimento) to take* a decision: qui bisogna provvedere subito, a quick decision must be taken.

◘ provvedersi v.rifl. to provide oneself: si era provvisto di una rivoltella, he had provided (o armed) himself with a revolver; provvedere di abiti, cibo ecc., to provide oneself with clothes, food etc.

* * *

1. [provve'dere]
vb irreg vi (aus avere)
1)

provvedere a — (famiglia) to provide for

2) (prendere provvedimenti) to take steps, act

hanno provveduto a mandare rinforzi — they arranged for reinforcements to be sent

3)

provvedere a — (occuparsi di) to look after, take charge of

provvedere alla spesa/a fare la spesa — to do the shopping

l'azienda che provvede alla raccolta dei rifiuti urbani — the company responsible for refuse collection

2. vt

provvedere qn di qc — to provide o supply sb with sth

3. vr (provvedersi)

provvedersi di — to provide o.s. with

* * *
[provve'dere] 1.
verbo transitivo

provvedere qcn. di qcs. — to endow sb. with sth
2.
verbo intransitivo (aus. avere)

bisogna provvedere al più presto — we must act o take steps as soon as possible

provvedere a — to provide for [bisogni, spese]; to meet [ necessità]

provvedere al proprio sostentamento — to pay for one's keep

* * *

provvedere

/provve'dere/ [97]

I verbo transitivo

provvedere qcn. di qcs. to endow sb. with sth.

II verbo intransitivo

(aus. avere) bisogna provvedere al più presto we must act o take steps as soon as possible; provvedere a to provide for [bisogni, spese]; to meet [ necessità]; provvedere al proprio sostentamento to pay for one's keep.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > provvedere
12 Unterhalt für seine Familie sicherstellen

Unterhalt für seine Familie sicherstellen
to support one’s family

Business german-english dictionary > Unterhalt für seine Familie sicherstellen
13 mord|ować

impf Ⅰ vt 1. (zabijać) to murder; (masowo) to massacre, to slaughter; (z pobudek politycznych) to assassinate
- mordować z zimną krwią to commit cold-blooded murder ⇒ zamordować
2. pot. (męczyć, nużyć) to hassle pot.; to pester
- mordować kogoś pytaniami to hassle sb with questions

- mordował ojca o pieniądze he pestered his father for money

- mordował mnie, żebym się zgodził he pestered me to say yes
3. (niszczyć, psuć) to wreck [silnik, piosenkę] ⇒ zamordować Ⅱ mordować się 1. (zabijać jeden drugiego) to kill each other ⇒ zamordować się 2. pot., przen. (męczyć się) to kill oneself pot., przen.; to knock oneself out pot.
- mordować się z tekstem to knock oneself out over a text

- mordować się, aby zapewnić rodzinie byt to kill oneself trying to support one’s family

- tylko się morduję w tej pracy I’m knocking myself out for nothing at that job

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > mord|ować
14 ayuda

f.

1 help, assistance (asistencia).

acudir en ayuda de alguien to come/go to somebody's assistance

nos fuiste de gran ayuda you were a great help to us

no me sirvió de mucha ayuda it wasn't much help to me

prestar ayuda to help, to assist

ayuda en carretera breakdown service

2 aid.

ayuda al desarrollo development aid

ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: ayudar.

* * *

ayuda

► nombre femenino

1 help, aid, assistance

2 (lavativa) enema

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ir en ayuda de alguien to come to somebody's assistance

prestar ayuda to help (a, -)

ayuda de cámara valet

* * *

noun f.

help, assistance, aid

* * *

1. SF

1) (=asistencia) help, assistance más frm

ayuda a domicilio — home help, home helper (EEUU)

ayudas a la navegación — aids to navigation, navigational aids

ayuda compensatoria — ≈ income support, welfare (EEUU)

ayuda económica — economic aid

ayuda humanitaria — humanitarian aid

ayuda visual — visual aid

ayudas audiovisuales — audiovisual aids

ayudas familiares — family allowances

2) (Med) (=enema) enema; LAm (=laxante) laxative

2.

SM (=paje) page

ayuda de cámara — valet

* * *

femenino

1) ( asistencia) help

nadie fue or acudió en su ayuda — nobody went to his aid

pedir ayuda — to ask for help

ayudas para la inversión — incentives for investment

organizaciones de ayuda internacional — international aid agencies

ha sido de gran ayuda — it has been a great help

poca ayuda no es estorbo — every little helps

- ayuda de cámara

2) (fam & euf) ( enema) enema

* * *

= aid, assistance, guidance, help, helpfulness, support, relief, enhancer, helper, facilitator, bursary, good offices, jump-start [jumpstart], helping hand, succour [succor, -USA].

Ex. Indexing may be conducted entirely without the aid of a computer, or may rely to varying extents upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.

Ex. Most information about terms and their relationships that could be of assistance to the user of the index will be transferred from the list to the index or catalogue.

Ex. The command function 'HELP' is used to obtain guidance online when in difficulty.

Ex. The entry is first located with the help of searching.

Ex. Sometimes, in the interest of comprehension or helpfulness, modifications to the standard pattern are desirable.

Ex. BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.

Ex. The report concluded that the problems of rural populations 'do not differ greatly from those of the urban population though the difficulties in obtaining help and relief can be exacerbated by isolation'.

Ex. The low regard that many publishers have shown for indexers as enhancers of book sales and profitability may well have been justified in the past.

Ex. Once again careful planning pays dividends, and plenty of time and helpers are needed.

Ex. Information technology may have acted as a catalyst or facilitator for some of the changes which have occurred.

Ex. This article describes a 12 week study tour of the UK undertaken with the help of a bursary from the EU by a lecturer in library studies from Papua New Guinea.

Ex. This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.

Ex. No hospital creates a healthier community all by itself but it can give its neighbors a jump-start.

Ex. Fish hawks needed a helping hand and their comeback is one of the great wildlife success stories of our time.

Ex. The Government has vowed to provide 'all possible succour' to the people affected by the cyclone that has left a trail of death and devastation.

----

* ayuda a las víctimas de una catástrofe = disaster relief.

* ayuda al desarrollo = development aid.

* ayuda alimentaria = food aid.

* ayuda con la declaración de hacienda = income tax assistance.

* ayuda de asistencia = attendance grant.

* ayuda de asistencia a congreso = conference attendance grant.

* ayuda de cámara = valet.

* ayuda de emergencia = emergency relief.

* ayuda del gobierno = state aid, state support.

* ayuda doméstica = domestic help.

* ayuda económica = grant, financial support, fund assistance, financial assistance, grant money, cash grant.

* ayuda educativa = educational aid.

* ayuda en caso de catástrofe = disaster relief.

* ayuda en pantalla = aid page.

* ayuda estatal = state aid, state support.

* ayuda familiar = family income supplement, family worker.

* ayuda financiera = financial assistance, fund assistance.

* ayuda humanitaria = humanitarian aid, disaster relief, humanitarian assistance.

* Ayuda Internacional de Libros (BAI) = Book Aid International (BAI).

* ayuda legal = legal assistance.

* ayuda memoria = aide-mémoire.

* ayuda mutua = mutual help, mutual aid.

* ayuda para dormir = sleeping aid.

* ayuda para el desplazamiento = travel grant.

* ayuda para la memoria = memory aid.

* ayuda para recordar = memory aid.

* ayudas = monies [money, -sing.].

* ayuda sensible al contexto = context-sensitive help.

* ayuda social = welfare benefits.

* ayudas para la escritura = writing tools.

* ayuda visual = visual aid.

* buscar ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.

* centro de ayuda al empleo = job-help centre.

* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.

* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.

* conseguir ayuda = secure + help.

* dispositivo de ayuda a usuarios con necesidades especiales = assistive device.

* hacerlo sin la ayuda de nadie = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* herramienta de ayuda a la escritura = writing aid.

* herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.

* herramientas de ayuda = helper utility.

* herramientas de ayuda para la búsqueda = searching aid.

* instrumento de ayuda a la enseñanza = teaching aid.

* material de ayuda = help pack.

* mostrador de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk].

* ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.

* ojo humano sin ayuda de lente, el = unaided eye, the.

* pantalla de ayuda = help screen.

* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.

* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.

* política de ayuda = assistance policy.

* prestar ayuda = provide + assistance, render + assistance, offer + guidance, offer + assistance, lend + a (helping) hand.

* proyecto de ayuda = aid project.

* proyecto de ayuda humanitaria = relief project.

* recabar ayuda = solicit + help, solicit + support.

* ser de ayuda = be of assistance.

* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.

* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.

* servicio de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help facility.

* servir de ayuda = be of assistance.

* sin ayuda = unaided, unassisted.

* sin ayuda de nadie = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* sin la ayuda de nadie = single-handedly.

* sistema de ayuda = help system.

* sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).

* solicitar ayuda = summon + help, seek + assistance, seek + help.

* tecla de ayuda = help key.

* teléfono de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help line, telephone help line.

* * *

femenino

1) ( asistencia) help

nadie fue or acudió en su ayuda — nobody went to his aid

pedir ayuda — to ask for help

ayudas para la inversión — incentives for investment

organizaciones de ayuda internacional — international aid agencies

ha sido de gran ayuda — it has been a great help

poca ayuda no es estorbo — every little helps

- ayuda de cámara

2) (fam & euf) ( enema) enema

* * *

= aid, assistance, guidance, help, helpfulness, support, relief, enhancer, helper, facilitator, bursary, good offices, jump-start [jumpstart], helping hand, succour [succor, -USA].

Ex: Indexing may be conducted entirely without the aid of a computer, or may rely to varying extents upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.

Ex: Most information about terms and their relationships that could be of assistance to the user of the index will be transferred from the list to the index or catalogue.

Ex: The command function 'HELP' is used to obtain guidance online when in difficulty.

Ex: The entry is first located with the help of searching.

Ex: Sometimes, in the interest of comprehension or helpfulness, modifications to the standard pattern are desirable.

Ex: BSO was prepared by the International Federation for Documentation with the support of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), and was published in 1978/79.

Ex: The report concluded that the problems of rural populations 'do not differ greatly from those of the urban population though the difficulties in obtaining help and relief can be exacerbated by isolation'.

Ex: The low regard that many publishers have shown for indexers as enhancers of book sales and profitability may well have been justified in the past.

Ex: Once again careful planning pays dividends, and plenty of time and helpers are needed.

Ex: Information technology may have acted as a catalyst or facilitator for some of the changes which have occurred.

Ex: This article describes a 12 week study tour of the UK undertaken with the help of a bursary from the EU by a lecturer in library studies from Papua New Guinea.

Ex: This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.

Ex: No hospital creates a healthier community all by itself but it can give its neighbors a jump-start.

Ex: Fish hawks needed a helping hand and their comeback is one of the great wildlife success stories of our time.

Ex: The Government has vowed to provide 'all possible succour' to the people affected by the cyclone that has left a trail of death and devastation.

* ayuda a las víctimas de una catástrofe = disaster relief.

* ayuda al desarrollo = development aid.

* ayuda alimentaria = food aid.

* ayuda con la declaración de hacienda = income tax assistance.

* ayuda de asistencia = attendance grant.

* ayuda de asistencia a congreso = conference attendance grant.

* ayuda de cámara = valet.

* ayuda de emergencia = emergency relief.

* ayuda del gobierno = state aid, state support.

* ayuda doméstica = domestic help.

* ayuda económica = grant, financial support, fund assistance, financial assistance, grant money, cash grant.

* ayuda educativa = educational aid.

* ayuda en caso de catástrofe = disaster relief.

* ayuda en pantalla = aid page.

* ayuda estatal = state aid, state support.

* ayuda familiar = family income supplement, family worker.

* ayuda financiera = financial assistance, fund assistance.

* ayuda humanitaria = humanitarian aid, disaster relief, humanitarian assistance.

* Ayuda Internacional de Libros (BAI) = Book Aid International (BAI).

* ayuda legal = legal assistance.

* ayuda memoria = aide-mémoire.

* ayuda mutua = mutual help, mutual aid.

* ayuda para dormir = sleeping aid.

* ayuda para el desplazamiento = travel grant.

* ayuda para la memoria = memory aid.

* ayuda para recordar = memory aid.

* ayudas = monies [money, -sing.].

* ayuda sensible al contexto = context-sensitive help.

* ayuda social = welfare benefits.

* ayudas para la escritura = writing tools.

* ayuda visual = visual aid.

* buscar ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.

* centro de ayuda al empleo = job-help centre.

* con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.

* con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.

* conseguir ayuda = secure + help.

* dispositivo de ayuda a usuarios con necesidades especiales = assistive device.

* hacerlo sin la ayuda de nadie = do + it + on + Posesivo + own.

* herramienta de ayuda a la escritura = writing aid.

* herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.

* herramientas de ayuda = helper utility.

* herramientas de ayuda para la búsqueda = searching aid.

* instrumento de ayuda a la enseñanza = teaching aid.

* material de ayuda = help pack.

* mostrador de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk].

* ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.

* ojo humano sin ayuda de lente, el = unaided eye, the.

* pantalla de ayuda = help screen.

* pedir ayuda = seek + assistance, seek + help.

* pedir ayuda a = enlist + the cooperation of.

* política de ayuda = assistance policy.

* prestar ayuda = provide + assistance, render + assistance, offer + guidance, offer + assistance, lend + a (helping) hand.

* proyecto de ayuda = aid project.

* proyecto de ayuda humanitaria = relief project.

* recabar ayuda = solicit + help, solicit + support.

* ser de ayuda = be of assistance.

* ser de gran ayuda para = be a boon to.

* ser una gran ayuda = be a tower of strength.

* servicio de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help facility.

* servir de ayuda = be of assistance.

* sin ayuda = unaided, unassisted.

* sin ayuda de nadie = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* sin la ayuda de nadie = single-handedly.

* sistema de ayuda = help system.

* sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).

* solicitar ayuda = summon + help, seek + assistance, seek + help.

* tecla de ayuda = help key.

* teléfono de ayuda = help desk [helpdesk], help line, telephone help line.

* * *

ayuda

feminine

A (asistencia, auxilio) help

le prestaron toda la ayuda necesaria they gave him all the help he needed

nadie fue or acudió en su ayuda nobody went to help him o went to his aid

no quiso pedir ayuda she didn't want to ask for help

ayudas para los proyectos de inversión incentives for investment projects

ofrecieron ayuda económica a los damnificados they offered financial help o aid o assistance to the victims

organizaciones de ayuda internacional international aid agencies

no tiene ninguna ayuda en casa she has no help at home

ha sido de gran ayuda it has been a great help

poca ayuda no es estorbo every little helps

con ayuda de un vecino mató mi padre un cochino well, with a little help from my/your/his friends …

Compuestos:

● ayuda a domicilio

( Esp) home-help service

● ayuda audiovisual/visual

audiovisual/visual aid

● ayuda de cámara

masculine valet

● ayuda humanitaria

humanitarian aid

● ayuda memoria

masculine aide-mémoire

● ayuda regional

regional aid

● ayudas familiares

fpl (en Esp) family benefit

B ( fam euf) (enema) enema

* * *

Del verbo ayudar: ( conjugate ayudar)

ayuda es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
ayuda
ayudar
ayuda sustantivo femenino ( asistencia) help;
◊ nadie acudió en su ayuda nobody went to his aid;

ayudas para la inversión incentives for investment;
ha sido de gran ayuda it has been a great help
ayudar ( conjugate ayudar) verbo transitivo
to help;
ayuda al prójimo to help one's neighbor;
¿te ayudo? do you need any help?;
vino a ayudame she came to help me out;
ayúdame a poner la mesa help me (to) set the table
verbo intransitivo
to help;
¿puedo ayuda en algo? can I do anything to help?
ayuda sustantivo femenino help, assistance, aid: un joven vino en ayuda de los accidentados, a young man came to the aid of the injured people
ayudar verbo transitivo to help: ¿puedes ayudarme a mover la mesa?, can you help me to move the table? ➣ Ver nota en help

' ayuda' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- acudir
- asistencia
- balón
- beneficio
- blandengue
- colaboración
- confiar
- demanda
- espaldarazo
- estimar
- facilidad
- fortalecimiento
- goteo
- gratificación
- nos
- nunca
- ofrecer
- paliar
- prestación
- prioritaria
- prioritario
- recabar
- retirar
- sola
- solo
- urgir
- utilidad
- vital
- agradecer
- apreciar
- auxilio
- beca
- becar
- contar
- desechar
- desinteresado
- despreciar
- dispensar
- disponer
- espontáneo
- evaporarse
- favor
- gracia
- gritar
- implorar
- inapreciable
- inestimable
- material
English:
aid
- appreciate
- appreciative
- ask for
- assistance
- backing
- bat
- bird
- bootstrap
- by
- canvass
- contribute
- contribution
- deny
- do without
- dramatically
- foreign aid
- forthcoming
- give
- grateful
- greatly
- help
- hesitate
- immediate
- instrumental
- major
- navigate
- own
- quarter
- relief
- seek
- service
- single-handed
- summon
- support
- supportive
- unaided
- valet
- virtually
- volunteer
- without
- afield
- any
- boon
- deserving
- hand
- position
- public
- shape
- single

* * *

ayuda

♦ nf

1. [asistencia] help, assistance;

acudir en ayuda de alguien to come/go to sb's assistance;

nos fuiste de gran ayuda you were a great help to us;

no me sirvió de mucha ayuda it wasn't much help to me;

prestar ayuda to help, to assist

Comp
ayuda en carretera Br breakdown service, US emergency road service; Informát ayuda en línea on-line help; Informát ayuda en pantalla onscreen help
2. [económica, alimenticia] aid;

un paquete de ayudas a la pequeña empresa a package of measures to help small businesses

Comp
ayuda al desarrollo development aid;
ayuda exterior foreign aid;

ayuda extranjera foreign aid;

ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid;

un convoy de ayuda humanitaria a relief convoy

3. [limosna]
una ayuda, por favor could you spare me some change, please?

4. [enema] enema

♦ nm
Hist ayuda de cámara royal valet
* * *

ayuda

I f help, assistance;

ayuda financiera financial help o aid o

assistance;

con la ayuda de with the help of;

prestar ayuda help;

pedir ayuda a alguien ask s.o. for help;

venir en ayuda de come to the aid o help of

II m aide

* * *

ayuda nf

1) : help, assistance

2)

ayuda de cámara : valet

* * *

ayuda n

1. (en general) help

no le gusta pedir ayuda he doesn't like asking for help

2. (cosa material) aid

ayuda humanitaria humanitarian aid

Spanish-English dictionary > ayuda
15 Familie

Familie
family, folk (coll.), stock, (Haushalt) house[hold];
• angesehene Familie respectable family;
• asoziale Familie slum family;
• bedürftige Familie needy family;
• Sozialhilfe beziehende Familie public-aid (needy, US) family, family on relief;
• dreiköpfige Familie family of three;
• kinderreiche Familie large family;
• umquartierte Familie rehoused family;
• unterhaltsberechtigte Familie family dependent on s. o. (upon s. o. for support);
• Familie mit in der Ausbildung begriffenen Kindern family with dependent children;
• Familie mit höherem Einkommen upper-income family;
• seine Familie der Gefahr des Notstandes aussetzen to utterly neglect one’s family;
• zur Familie gehören to be one of the household;
• seine Familie auf die Fürsorge angewiesen sein lassen to force one’s family on the town (US);
• Lebensunterhalt einer Familie sicherstellen to support a family;
• große Familie unterhalten to provide for a large family.

Business german-english dictionary > Familie
16 familia

f.

family.

de buena familia from a good family

estábamos en familia (figurative) there were only a few of us

no te dé vergüenza, que estamos en familia (figurative) don't be shy — you're among friends

ser como de la familia to be like one of the family

venir de familia to run in the family

familia de acogida foster parents (de niño)

familia nuclear nuclear family

familia numerosa large family

la familia política the in-laws

la familia Real the Royal Family

* * *

familia

► nombre femenino

1 family

2 (prole) children plural, family

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

acordarse de la familia de alguien familiar to insult somebody

en familia (con la familia) with the family 2 (con muy poca gente) in private

estar en familia to be among friends

sentirse como en familia to feel at home, feel like one of the family

ser como de la familia to be like one of the family

ser de buena familia to come from a good family

ser de familia humilde to be of humble origin

venir algo de familia to run in the family

familia numerosa large family

familia política in-laws plural

la Sagrada Familia the Holy Family

* * *

noun f.

family

* * *

SF

1) (=parentela) family

¿cómo está la familia? — how is the family?

es de buena familia — she comes from a good family

sentirse como en familia — to feel thoroughly at home

ser como de la familia — to be one of the family

venir de familia — to run in the family

- acordarse de la familia de algn

familia de acogida — foster family

familia monoparental — one-parent family

familia nuclear — nuclear family

familia numerosa, tiene una familia numerosa — he has a large family

las familias numerosas quedan exentas — families with more than four children are exempt

familia política — in-laws pl

familia real — royal family

2) (=hijos)

¿cuándo pensáis tener familia? — when are you thinking of starting a family?

¿tenéis ya mucha familia? — do you already have lots of children?

3) (=pariente)

Juan no es familia mía — Juan and I aren't related

¿sois familia? — are you related?

4) (=comunidad) family

la gran familia humana — the great human family

la familia socialista — the socialist community

5) (Bot, Ling, Zool) family

familia de lenguas — family of languages

familia de palabras — word family

6) (Tip) fount

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( parientes) family

es de buena familia or de familia bien — he's from a good family

sus hijos y demás familia — her children and other members of the family

somos como de la familia — we're just like family

le viene de familia — it runs in the family

pasa hasta en las mejores familias — it can happen to the best of us

pasamos las fiestas en familia — we spent the holidays with the family

me siento como en familia — I feel at home

acordarse de (toda) la familia de alguien — (fam & euf) to curse somebody (colloq)

b) ( hijos) children

no tienen familia — they don't have any children

- familia de acogida

- familia numerosa

- familia política

2) (Bot, Zool) family

* * *

= family, home, household.

Ex. Proper names, for example, names of persons, names of families, names of places.

Ex. It is recommended for a variety of applications, amongst which are records of suppliers, staff, household possessions and so on, and is likely to find users in both the home and business worlds.

Ex. For the two-car family, living in the countryside can present few problems, but most households are not in such an advantageous position.

----

* biógrafo de familias = family historian.

* cabeza de familia = head of the household, head of the family.

* conciliación del trabajo y la familia = reconciliation of work and family.

* crear una familia = have + a family.

* desintegración de la familia = family breakdown.

* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* enano de la familia, el = runt of the litter, the.

* entre los miembros de la familia = intergenerational.

* familia adoptiva = foster care home, foster family, adoptive family.

* familia analfabeta = illiterate home.

* familia biológica = biological family.

* familia, cabeza de familia = householder.

* familia casi analfabeta = subliterate home.

* familia con dos coches = two-car family.

* familia con dos sueldos = two-income family.

* familia de acogida = foster care home, foster home.

* familia de agricultores = farming family.

* familia de bajos ingresos = low-income family.

* familia de la madrastra = stepfamily.

* familia del padrastro = stepfamily.

* familia dividida = divided family.

* familia en la que los dos miembros trabajan = two-parent working family.

* familia en la que los dos padres trabajan = dual-income family.

* familia hacendada = landholding family.

* familia monoparental = one parent family, single parent, single-parent working family, single-parent family, lone-parent family.

* familia nuclear = nuclear family, nuclear family.

* familia política = in-laws.

* familia problemática = problem family.

* familia real = royal family.

* familia rota = broken family, broken home.

* joyas de la familia = family jewels.

* juzgado de familia = divorce court, family court.

* lectura en familia = family reading.

* médico de familia = family practitioner, general practitioner (GP), family doctor.

* miembro de la familia = family member.

* orientado hacia la familia = family-oriented.

* oveja negra de la familia, la = black sheep of the family, the.

* padre de familia = pater familias, family man.

* principal sostén de la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* reliquia de familia = heirloom.

* residencia para familias = family residence.

* secreto de familia = skeleton in the closet.

* vengador de la familia = avenger of blood.

* violencia en la familia = family violence.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( parientes) family

es de buena familia or de familia bien — he's from a good family

sus hijos y demás familia — her children and other members of the family

somos como de la familia — we're just like family

le viene de familia — it runs in the family

pasa hasta en las mejores familias — it can happen to the best of us

pasamos las fiestas en familia — we spent the holidays with the family

me siento como en familia — I feel at home

acordarse de (toda) la familia de alguien — (fam & euf) to curse somebody (colloq)

b) ( hijos) children

no tienen familia — they don't have any children

- familia de acogida

- familia numerosa

- familia política

2) (Bot, Zool) family

* * *

= family, home, household.

Ex: Proper names, for example, names of persons, names of families, names of places.

Ex: It is recommended for a variety of applications, amongst which are records of suppliers, staff, household possessions and so on, and is likely to find users in both the home and business worlds.

Ex: For the two-car family, living in the countryside can present few problems, but most households are not in such an advantageous position.

* biógrafo de familias = family historian.

* cabeza de familia = head of the household, head of the family.

* conciliación del trabajo y la familia = reconciliation of work and family.

* crear una familia = have + a family.

* desintegración de la familia = family breakdown.

* el que mantiene a la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* enano de la familia, el = runt of the litter, the.

* entre los miembros de la familia = intergenerational.

* familia adoptiva = foster care home, foster family, adoptive family.

* familia analfabeta = illiterate home.

* familia biológica = biological family.

* familia, cabeza de familia = householder.

* familia casi analfabeta = subliterate home.

* familia con dos coches = two-car family.

* familia con dos sueldos = two-income family.

* familia de acogida = foster care home, foster home.

* familia de agricultores = farming family.

* familia de bajos ingresos = low-income family.

* familia de la madrastra = stepfamily.

* familia del padrastro = stepfamily.

* familia dividida = divided family.

* familia en la que los dos miembros trabajan = two-parent working family.

* familia en la que los dos padres trabajan = dual-income family.

* familia hacendada = landholding family.

* familia monoparental = one parent family, single parent, single-parent working family, single-parent family, lone-parent family.

* familia nuclear = nuclear family, nuclear family.

* familia política = in-laws.

* familia problemática = problem family.

* familia real = royal family.

* familia rota = broken family, broken home.

* joyas de la familia = family jewels.

* juzgado de familia = divorce court, family court.

* lectura en familia = family reading.

* médico de familia = family practitioner, general practitioner (GP), family doctor.

* miembro de la familia = family member.

* orientado hacia la familia = family-oriented.

* oveja negra de la familia, la = black sheep of the family, the.

* padre de familia = pater familias, family man.

* principal sostén de la familia = breadwinner [bread winner].

* reliquia de familia = heirloom.

* residencia para familias = family residence.

* secreto de familia = skeleton in the closet.

* vengador de la familia = avenger of blood.

* violencia en la familia = family violence.

* * *

familia

feminine

A

1 (parientes) family

es de buena familiaor de familia bien he's from a good family

sus hijos, nietos y demás familia her children, grandchildren and other members of the family

somos como de la familia we're just like family

le viene de familia it runs in the family

pasa hasta en las mejores familias it can happen to the best of us

hemos pasado las fiestas en familia we spent the holidays with the family

me siento como en familia I feel at home

acordarse de la familia de algn ( fam euf); to curse sb ( colloq)

2

(hijos): aún no tienen familia they don't have any children o a family yet

Compuestos:

● familia de acogida

foster family

● familia extensa

extended family

● familia homoparental

family in which both parents are of the same sex

● familia monoparental

single-parent family

● familia nuclear

nuclear family

● familia numerosa

(literal) large family; ( Servs Socs) (en Esp) family with more than four children ( entitled to special benefits)

● familia recompuesta

family of separated parents who arrange for continued family interaction to benefit the children

B ( Bot, Zool) family

* * *

familia sustantivo femenino
a) ( parientes) family;

◊ una familia numerosa a large family;

mi familia política my wife's/husband's family, my in-laws (colloq);
es de buena familia or de familia bien he's from a good family;
somos como de la familia we're just like family;
le viene de familia it runs in the family
b) ( hijos) children;

◊ no tienen familia they don't have any children

familia sustantivo femenino family: somos familia numerosa, we are large family
todos tienen un aire de familia, they all have a family likeness
♦ Locuciones: estar en familia, to be among friends
(con poca gente) en la conferencia de ayer estábamos en familia, there were just a few of us at the conference yesterday
venir de familia, to run in the family
' familia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abusar
- acoger
- alma
- besucón
- besucona
- botadura
- cabeza
- derecha
- derrumbarse
- deshonrar
- desprecio
- desunión
- familiar
- garbanzo
- gente
- honrosa
- honroso
- incluso
- juntar
- materna
- materno
- mía
- miembro
- mío
- nacida
- nacido
- pecosa
- pecoso
- plena
- pleno
- política
- político
- proceder
- recurrir
- recurso
- reliquia
- renegar
- resto
- ruin
- sagrada
- sagrado
- sangre
- seno
- sí
- sostén
- sostener
- supeditar
- sustentar
- tal
- ultramar
English:
black
- bosom
- breadwinner
- comfortable
- crest
- desert
- disgrace
- eldest
- family
- family film
- folk
- foster
- foster child
- go back
- greet
- have
- honour
- household
- immediate
- in-laws
- keep
- large
- let down
- likeness
- maintain
- middle
- offshoot
- plan
- portrait
- provide for
- relationship
- remember
- repudiate
- reunion
- run
- seat
- side
- such
- support
- sustain
- with
- average
- before
- brains
- bread
- bring
- dot
- expect
- fulfillment
- head

* * *

familia nf

1. [grupo de personas] family;

un asunto de familia a family matter;

el director es familia mía the director is a relative of mine;

ser como de la familia to be like one of the family;

venir de familia to run in the family;

en familia [con la familia] with one's family;

pasamos el fin de año en familia we spent New Year with the family;

estábamos en familia [casi solos] there were only a few of us;

no te dé vergüenza, que estamos en familia don't be shy – you're among friends

Comp
familia adoptiva adoptive family;
familia desestructurada dysfunctional family;

familia monoparental single parent family;

familia nuclear nuclear family;

familia numerosa large family;

la familia política the in-laws

2. [hijos]
no tuvieron familia they never had children

3. [linaje] family;

de buena familia from a good family

4. [de plantas, animales] family;

una familia de plantas a family of plants

5. Ling family;

una familia de lenguas a family of languages

* * *

familia

f family;

sentirse como en familia feel at home;

ser de la familia be one of the family;

de buena familia from a good family

* * *

familia nf

1) : family

2)

familia política : in-laws

* * *

familia n family [pl. families]

somos cinco en mi familia there are five of us in my family

ser de buena familia to come from a good family

Spanish-English dictionary > familia
17 कुलम् _kulam

कुलम् 1 A race, family; निदानमिक्ष्वाकुकुलस्य संततेः R.3.1.

-2 The residence of a family, a seat, house, an abode; ददर्श धीमान्स कपिः कुलानि Rām.5.5.1; वसन्नृषि- कुलेषु सः R.12.25.

-3 A high or noble family, noble descent; कुले जन्म Pt.5.2; कुलशीलसमन्वितः Ms.7.54,62; so कुलजा, कुलकन्यका &c.

-4 A herd, troop, flock; collec- tion, multitude; मृगकुलं रोमन्थमभ्यस्यतु Ś.2.6; U.2.9; अलिकुलसंकुल Gīt.1; Śi.9.71; so गो˚, कृमि˚, महिषी˚ &c.

-5 A lot, gang. band (in a bad sense).

-6 A country.

-7 The body.

-8 The front or fore part.

-9 A tribe, caste, community.

-1 A blue stone.

-लः The head of a guild or corporation.

-ला See कुलतिथि.

-Comp. -अकुल a.

1 of a mixed character or origin.

-2 middling. ˚तिथिः m., f. the second, sixth, and the tenth lunar days of a fort-night in a month. ˚नक्षत्रम् N. of the lunar mansions आर्द्रा, मूला, अभिजित् and शतभिषा. ˚वारः Wednes- day.

-अङ्कुरः the scion of a family; अनेन कस्यापि कुला- ङ्कुरेण स्पृष्टस्य गात्रेषु सुखं ममैवम् Ś.7.19.

-अङ्गना a respect- able or high born (chaste) woman.

-अङ्गारः a man who ruins his family; Pt.4.

-अचलः, -अद्रिः, -पर्वतः, -शैलः a principal mountain, one of a class of seven mountains which are supposed to exist in each division of the continent; their names are:-- महेन्द्रो मलयः सह्यः शुक्तिमान् ऋक्षपर्वतः । विन्ध्यश्च पारियात्रश्च सप्तैते कुलपर्वताः ॥

-अन्वित a. born in a noble family.

-अभिमानः family pride.

-अभिमानिन् a. proud of birth or family descent; कुलाभिमानी कुलजां नराधिपः Ki.1.31.

-आख्या family-name, surname; कुलाख्या लोके गोत्रावयवा इत्युच्यन्ते Mbh. on P.IV. 1.79.

-आचारः, -कर्मन् n.,

-धर्मः a duty or custom peculiar to a family or caste.

-आचार्यः, -गुरुः 1 a family priest or teacher.

-2 a geneologist.

-आधारकः a son.

-आपीडः, -शेखरः the glory of a family; तस्मिन्कुलापीडनिभे निपीडं सम्यग्महीं शासति शासनाङ्काम् R.18. 29.

-आलम्बिन् a. maintaining a family. वरमेकः कुलालम्बी यत्र विश्रूयते पिता H.

-ईश्वरः 1 the chief of a family.

-2 N. of Śiva. (

-रा) N. of Durgā.

-उत्कट, a. high born. (

-टः) a horse of a good breed.

-उत्पन्न, उद्गत, -उद्भव a. sprung from a noble family, high- born; आमात्यमुख्यं धर्मज्ञं प्राज्ञं दान्तं कुलोद्भवम् Ms.7.141.

-उद्वहः the head or perpetuator of a family; see उद्वह.

-उपदेशः a family name.

-कज्जलः one who is a dis- grace to his family.

-कण्टकः one who is a thorn or trouble to his family.

-कन्यका, -कन्या a girl of high birth; विशुद्धमुग्धः कुलकन्यकाजनः Māl.7.1; गृहे गृहे पुरुषाः कुलकन्यकाः समुद्वहन्ति Māl.7.

-करः, -कर्तृ m. the founder of a family.

-करणिः A hereditary clerk or officer; E.I.XV.91.

-कलङ्कः one who is a disgrace to his family.

-कलङ्कितः a. causing disgrace to a family; न चाप्यहं गमिष्यामि कथां कुलकलङ्किताम् Ks.22.216.

-क्षयः 1 ruin of a family.

-2 extinction of a family; कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् Bg.1.39,4.

-गरिमा m. family pride or dignity.

-गिरिः, -भूभृत् m.,

-पर्वतः, -शैलः see कुलाचल above.

-गृहम् a noble house; पर्याकुलं कुलगृहे$पि कृतं वधूनाम् Ṛs.6.21.

-घ्न a. ruining a family; दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानाम् Bg.1.43.

-ज, -जात a.

1 well-born, of high brith; प्रदाने हि मुनिश्रेष्ठ कुलं निरवशेषतः । वक्तव्यं कुलजातेन तन्नि- बोध महामते ॥ Rām.1.71.2.

-2 ancestral, hereditary; Ki.1.31 (used in both senses).

-जनः a high-born or distinguished person.

-जाया a. high-born lady; कुलजाया सा जाया केवलजाया तु केवलं माया Udb.

-तन्तुः one who continues or perpetuates a family.

-तिथिः m., f. an important lunar day, viz:-- the 4th, 8th, 12th or 14th of a lunar fort-night.

-तिलकः the glory of a family, one who does honour to his family.

-दीपः, -दीपकः the glory of a family.

-दुहितृ f. also कुलपुत्री; cf. P.VI. 3.7, Vārt.9; see कुलकन्या.

-दूषण a. disgracing one's family; Mk.

-देवता a tutelary deity; the guardian deity of a family; तामर्चिताभ्यः कुलदेवताभ्यः कुलप्रतिष्ठां प्रणमय्य माता Ku.7.27.

-धन a. one whose wealth is the preserva- tion of the good name of the family; कष्टो जनः कुलधनैरनुर- ञ्जनीयः U.1.14. (

-नम्) the dearest and most valued treasure of the family; इक्ष्वाकूणां कुलधनमिदं यत्समाराधनीयः U.7.6.

-धर्मः a family custom, a duty or custom peculiar to a family; उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन Bg. 1.44; Ms.1.118;8.14.

-धारकः a son.

-धुर्यः (a son) able to support a family, a grown-up son; न हि सति कुलधुर्ये सूर्यवंश्या गृहाय R.7.71.

-नन्दन a. gladdening or doing honour to a family.

-नायिका a girl worshipped at the celebration of the orgies of the left- hand Śāktas.

-नारी a high bred and virtuous woman.

-नाशः 1 ruin or extinction of a family.

-2 an apost- ate, reprobate, outcast.

-3 a camel.

-नाशनम् condu- cive to the extinction of the family; मुसलं कुलनाशनम् Mb.

-परंपरा the series of generations comprising a race.

-पतिः 1 the head or chief of a family.

-2 a sage who feeds and teaches 1, pupils; thus defined:- मुनीनां दशसाहस्रं यो$न्नदानादिपोषणात् । अध्यापयति विप्रर्षिरसौ कुलपतिः स्मृतः ॥ अपि नाम कुलपतेरियमसवर्णक्षेत्रसंभवा स्यात् Ś.1; R.1.95; U.3.48.

-3 The head-servant (Gīrvāṇa); Bhāg.5.18.1.

-4 N. of Kṛiṣṇa; कुन्दस्रजः कुलपतेरिह वाति गन्धः Bhāg.1.3.11.

-पांसन a. one who dis- graces one's family; इत्युक्तः स खलः पापो भोजानां कुलपांसनः Bhāg.19.1.35.

-पांसुका a woman disgracing her family, an unchaste woman.

-पालकम् an orange.

-पालिः, -पालिका, -पाली f. a chaste or high-born woman.

-पुत्रः a nobly-born youth; इह सर्वस्वफलिनः कुलपुत्रमहाद्रुमाः Mk.4.1.

-पुत्री (See

-दुहितृ).

-पुरुषः 1 a respectable or high-born man; कुश्चुम्बति कुलपुरुषो वेश्याधरपल्लवं मनोज्ञमपि Bh.1.59.

-2 an ancestor.

-पूर्वगः (कः) an ancestor. तवापि सुमहाभागे जनेन्द्रकुलपूर्वकम् (v. l. जनेन्द्राः कुलपूर्वगाः) Rām.2.73.24.

-भरः (कुलंभरः)

1 One who maintains the family.

-बीजः the head or chief of a guild.

-भार्या a virtuous wife.

-भृत्या the nursing of a pregnant woman.

-मर्यादा family honour or respectability.

-मार्गः 1 a family custom, the best way or the way of honesty.

-2 the doctrine of the Kaulas (कौलमार्ग).

-योषित्, -वधू f. a woman of good family and character. त्यागिनां कुलयोषिताम् Ms.3.245; ब्रूते ब्रूते व्रजकुलवधूः कापि साध्वी ममाग्रे Udb.

-लक्षणम् The characteristics of a noble family; आचारो विनयो विद्या प्रतिष्ठा तीर्थदर्शनम् । निष्ठा वृत्तिस्तपो दानं नवधा कुललक्षणम् ॥

-वारः a principal day; (i. e. Tuesday and Friday).

-विद्या 1 knowledge handed down in a family, traditional knowledge.

-2 one of the three आन्वीक्षिकी lores.

-विप्रः a family-priest.

-वृद्धः an old and experienced member of a family.

-व्रतः, -तम् a family vow; गलितवयसामिक्ष्वाकूणामिदं हि कुलव्रतम् R.3.7; विश्वस्मिन्नधुना$न्यः कुलव्रतं पालयिष्यति कः Bv.1.13.

-शीलम् character or conduct honourable to a family.

-श्रेष्ठिन् a. well-born, of a good family. (-m.)

1 the chief of a family or a guild.

-2 an artisan of noble birth.

-संख्या 1 family-respectability.

-2 inclusion among respectable families; कुलसंख्यां च गच्छन्ति कर्षन्ति च महायशः Ms.3.66.

-संततिः f. posterity, descendants, continuation of a lineage; दिवं गतानि विप्राणामकृत्वा कुलसंततिम् Ms.5.159.

-सन्निधिः m. the presence of witnesses; Ms.8.194,21.

-संभवः a. of a respectable family.

-सेवकः an excel- lent servant.

-स्त्री a woman of good family, a noble woman; अधर्माभिभवात् कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः Bg.1.41.

-स्थितिः f.

1 antiquity or prosperity of a family

-2 family observance or custom; U.5.23.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > कुलम् _kulam
18 vivre

vivre [vivʀ]

➭ TABLE 46

1. intransitive verb

   a. to live

• quand l'ambulance est arrivée, il vivait encore he was still alive when the ambulance arrived

• vivre vieux to live to a great age

• le colonialisme a vécu colonialism has had its day

• il fait bon vivre it's good to be alive

• vivre à Londres/en France to live in London/in France

• vivre avec qn to live with sb

• ils vivent ensemble they are living together

• vivre dans le passé/dans la crainte to live in the past/in fear

• vivre dangereusement to live dangerously

• se laisser vivre to live for the day

• laissez-les vivre ! let them be! ; (slogan anti-avortement) let them live!

• être facile/difficile à vivre to be easy/difficult to get on with

• il faut vivre avec son temps you've got to move with the times

• vivre de laitages/de rentes to live on dairy produce/a private income

• vivre au jour le jour to live from hand to mouth

• vivre bien to live well

• avoir (juste) de quoi vivre to have (just) enough to live on

• il vit de sa peinture he earns his living by painting

• travailler/écrire pour vivre to work/write for a living

• faire vivre qn [personne] to support sb

• je n'aime pas ce métier mais il me fait vivre I don't like this job but it pays the bills

• vivre de l'air du temps to live on air

• vivre d'amour et d'eau fraîche to live on love alone

• on vit bien en France life is good in France

• c'est un homme qui a beaucoup vécu he's a man who's lived life to the full

• elle ne vit plus depuis que son fils est pilote she's been living on her nerves since her son became a pilot

   b. [idée, rue, paysage] to be alive

2. transitive verb

   a. ( = passer) to spend

• vivre des jours heureux to spend happy days

• la vie ne vaut pas la peine d'être vécue life isn't worth living

   b. [+ événement, guerre] to live through

• nous vivons des temps troublés we are living in troubled times

• vivre sa vie to live one's own life

• il a mal vécu son divorce he had a hard time of it when he got divorced

3. plural masculine noun

vivres supplies

* * *
vivʀ
1.

verbe transitif

1) ( connaître) to live through [époque, période]; to go through [heures difficiles, enfer]; to experience [amour, passion]

être vécu comme un affront — to be taken as an insult

vivre sa vie — to lead one's own life

2) ( ressentir) to cope with [divorce, échec]

2.

verbe intransitif

1) Biologie ( être vivant) to live

vivre vieux/centenaire — to live to a great age/to be a hundred

cesser de vivre — euph to pass away

vive le président! — long live the president!

vive la vie! — life is wonderful!

vive moi/nous! — three cheers for me/us!

vive Paul! — hurray for Paul!

2) ( habiter) to live

être facile à vivre — [conjoint] to be easy to live with; [ami] to be easy to get on with

vivre les uns sur les autres — to live on top of each other

3) ( exister) [personne] to live

vivre avec son temps — to move with the times

se laisser vivre — to take things easy

apprendre à vivre à quelqu'un — (colloq) to teach somebody some manners (colloq)

savoir vivre — ( profiter de la vie) to know how to enjoy life

4) ( survivre) [personne] to live

avoir de quoi vivre — to have enough to live on

vivre de ses rentes — to have a private income

vivre aux dépens de quelqu'un — to live off somebody

5) ( durer) [relation, mode] to last

avoir vécu — [personne] to have seen a great deal of life; ( être usé) hum to have had its day

6) ( être animé) [ville, rue] to be full of life

••

le vivre et le couvert — board and lodging

vivre de l'air du temps — to live on air

vivre sur un grand pied — to live in great style

qui vivra verra — what will be will be

* * *
vivʀ
1. vi

1) (= résider) to live

J'aimerais vivre à l'étranger. — I'd like to live abroad.

Je vis en Écosse. — I live in Scotland.

Il vit chez ses parents. — He lives with his parents.

Il a vécu à Paris pendant dix ans. — He lived in Paris for ten years.

2) (= être vivant) to be alive

Et ton grand-père? Il vit encore? — What about your grandfather? Is he still alive?

avoir vécu; Ce régime a vécu. — This regime has had its day.

3) (= exister, mener son existence) to live

vivre longtemps — to live a long time

vivre avec qn — to live with sb

On vit de plus en plus longtemps. — People are living longer and longer.

se laisser vivre — to let o.s. go

ne plus vivre (= être anxieux) — to live on one's nerves

avoir vécu (eu une vie aventureuse) — to have seen life

Il a vécu. — He has seen life.

4) (= subsister) to live

Ils avaient à peine de quoi vivre. — They had barely enough to live on.

faire vivre qn — to provide for sb

vivre de [salaire, allocations] — to live on

vivre mal (= chichement) — to have a meagre existence

2. vt

1) [vie] to live, [aventures] to go through, [temps] to spend

Ils y ont vécu des jours heureux. — They spent some happy times there.

2) (= ressentir)

mal vivre qch — to take sth hard

Il a très mal vécu son licenciement. — He took his redundancy very hard.

3) (autres locutions)

être facile à vivre — to be easy to get on with

vivre sa vie — to get on with one's life

3. nm

le vivre et le logement — board and lodging

4. vivres nmpl

provisions, food supplies

* * *

vivre verb table: vivre

A vtr

1 ( connaître) to live through [époque, période]; to go through [heures difficiles, cauchemar, enfer]; to experience [amour, passion]; vivre son mariage comme un sacrifice to view one's marriage as self-sacrifice; être vécu comme un affront to be taken as an insult; vivre une vie tranquille/agitée to lead a quiet/hectic life; la vie vaut d'être vécue life is worth living; vivre sa vie to lead one's own life;

2 ( ressentir) to cope with [divorce, échec, changement]; comment as-tu vécu votre séparation? how did you cope with your separation?; vivre sa foi to put one's faith into practice^GB?

B vi

1 Biol ( être vivant) [personne, animal, plante] to live; vivre longtemps/vieux/centenaire to live for a long time/to a great age/to be a hundred; cesser de vivre euph to pass away; vive la révolution/le président! long live the revolution/the president!; vive(nt) les vacances! three cheers for the holidays GB ou the vacation US!; vive la vie! life is wonderful!; vive moi/nous! three cheers for me/us!; vive Paul! hurray for Paul!;

2 ( habiter) [personne, animal, plante] to live; vivre à la campagne/en démocratie to live in the country/in a democracy; il vit avec quelqu'un he's living with somebody; vivre à cinq dans une chambre to live five to a room; être facile/difficile à vivre [conjoint, concubin] to be easy/difficult to live with; [ami, collègue] to be easy/difficult to get on with; vivre les uns sur les autres to live on top of each other;

3 ( exister) [personne] to live; vivre en ermite to live like a hermit; vivre dans la crainte/pour ses enfants to live in fear/for one's children; vivre avec son temps to move with the times; vivre à contre-courant to go one's own way; vivre en pyjama to live in one's pyjamas GB ou pajamas US; se laisser vivre to take things easy; apprendre à qn à vivre○ to teach sb some manners○; savoir vivre ( profiter de la vie) to know how to enjoy life; ( être poli) to know how things are done;

4 ( survivre) [personne] to live; bien vivre to live well; vivre de peu to live on very little; de quoi vit-elle? what does she live on?; avoir de quoi vivre to have enough to live on; vivre avec presque rien/sur son capital/de la charité to live on next to nothing/on one's capital/on charity; vivre de légumes to live on vegetables; vivre sur sa réputation to live on one's reputation; vivre de ses rentes to have a private income; faire vivre qn ( matériellement) to keep sb; vivre aux dépens de qn to live off sb; vivre d'espoir to live in hope; qu'est-ce qui te fait vivre? what keeps you going?;

5 ( durer) [relation, mode, idéologie] to last; le gouvernement ne vivra pas longtemps the government won't last long; avoir vécu [personne] to have seen a great deal of life; hum ( être usé) [objet, idée] to have had its day; mes chaussures ont vécu my shoes have had their day; leur souvenir vivra dans nos mémoires their memory will live on in our hearts;

6 ( être animé) [ville, rue] to be full of life.

C se vivre vpr ( être ressenti) le divorce se vit souvent très mal divorce is often very hard to cope with.

D vivres nmpl

1 ( nourriture) food, supplies;

2 ( moyens de subsistance) couper les vivres à qn to cut off sb's allowance.

Idiomes

le vivre et le couvert board and lodging; vivre de l'air du temps to live on air; vivre sur un grand pied to live in great style; qui vivra verra what will be will be.

I

[vivr] nom masculin

le vivre et le couvert bed and board

————————

vivres nom masculin pluriel

food (substantif non comptable), foodstuffs, provisions

II

[vivr] verbe intransitif

1. BIOLOGIE [personne, animal] to live, to be alive

[cellule, plante] to live

vivre vieux ou longtemps to live to a great age ou ripe old age

elle a vécu jusqu'à 95 ans she lived to be 95

il ne lui reste plus longtemps à vivre she hasn't got much time left (to live)

avoir vécu to have had one's day

2. [mener une existence] to live

vivre en paix to live in peace

vivre libre et indépendant to lead a free and independent life

vivre au jour le jour to take each day as it comes

vivre à l'heure de l'Europe/du XXI^e siècle to live in the world of the European community/of the 21st century

vivre dans le luxe/l'angoisse to live in luxury/anxiety

vivre dans le péché to lead a sinful life

on voit que tu n'as jamais vécu dans la misère it's obvious you've never experienced poverty

ne vivre que pour la musique/sa famille to live only for music/one's family

une rue qui vit la nuit a street that comes alive at night

il fait bon vivre ici life is good ou it's a good life here

une maison où il fait bon vivre a house that's good to live in

elle a beaucoup vécu she's seen life

on ne vit plus

a. [on est inquiet] we're worried sick

b. [on est harassé] this isn't a life, this isn't what you can call living

savoir vivre: il ne sait pas vivre

a. [il est impoli] he has no manners

b. [il est trop nerveux] he doesn't know how to enjoy life

ils vécurent heureux et eurent beaucoup d'enfants (and) they lived happily ever after

3. [résider] to live

vivre au Brésil/dans un château to live in Brazil/in a castle

vivre dans une ou en communauté to live communally ou in a community

vivre avec quelqu'un

a. [maritalement] to live with somebody

b. [en amis] to share ou to live with somebody

vivre ensemble [couple non marié] to live together

être facile à vivre to be easygoing ou easy to get on with

être difficile à vivre to be difficult to get on with

4. [subsister] to live

ils ont tout juste de quoi vivre they've just enough to live on

vivre sur un seul salaire to live ou to exist on just one salary

faire vivre une famille

a. [personne] to provide a living for ou to support a family

b. [commerce] to provide a living for a family

vivre bien/chichement to have a good/poor standard of living

vivre de to live on

ils vivaient de la cueillette et de la chasse they lived on what they gathered and hunted ou off the land

vivre de sa plume to live by one's pen

vivre de chimères to live a life of illusion

vivre d'espérance to live in hope

l'espoir fait vivre! we all live in hope!

il faut bien vivre! one's got to keep the wolf from the door ou to live (somehow)!

vivre aux crochets de quelqu'un to sponge off somebody

vivre de l'air du temps to live on thin air

vivre d'amour et d'eau fraîche to live on love alone

5. [se perpétuer - croyance, coutume] to be alive

pour que notre entreprise vive so that our company may continue to exist

6. [donner l'impression de vie - sculpture, tableau]

voici une description qui vit here is a description that is full of life

————————

[vivr] verbe transitif

1. [passer par - époque, événement] to live through (inseparable)

vivre des temps difficiles to live through ou to experience difficult times

vivre des jours heureux/paisibles to spend one's days happily/peacefully

2. [assumer - divorce, grossesse, retraite] to experience

elle a mal/bien vécu mon départ she couldn't cope/she coped well after I left

3. (locution)

vivre sa vie to live one's own life

vivre sa foi to live intensely through one's faith

il faut vivre l'instant présent one must live for the moment

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > vivre
19 utrzymywać

1. (-uję, -ujesz); perf -ać; vt
( ciężar) to bear, to carry; (dom, dzieci, rodzinę) to provide for; (równowagę, porządek) to keep, (bronić: miasto, twierdzę) to hold

utrzymywać kogoś przy życiu — to keep sb alive

utrzymywać coś w dobrym stanie — to keep sth in good condition

utrzymać sekret — to keep a secret
2. vi
to claim

- utrzymywać się

* * *

utrzymywać

ipf.

1. (= trzymać) hold.

2. (= podpierać, podtrzymywać) bear, carry.

3. (= kierować, kontrolować) hold, keep in hand; utrzymać konia keep a horse in hand, control a horse; utrzymać kierownicę control the steering wheel, not let go off the steering wheel; utrzymać kogoś w ryzach keep a tight hold on sb; utrzymać coś w tajemnicy keep sth secret; utrzymywać kogoś w niepewności keep sb in uncertainty, keep sb guessing; utrzymywać kogoś w nieświadomości czegoś keep sb in ignorance of sth; nie potrafić utrzymać języka za zębami not be able to hold one's tongue.

4. (= zachowywać) keep, maintain; ( o cenach) (= nie pozwolić na zniżkę) keep up; utrzymać dyscyplinę/formę keep discipline/fit; utrzymywać kurs żegl. hold to a course; utrzymać porządek keep order; utrzymać posadę hold down a job; utrzymać poziom (o szkole, uczelni itp.) live up to the standard; utrzymać spokój keep calm; utrzymać wagę maintain one's weight; utrzymywać coś w dobrym stanie/w czystości keep sth in good condition/clean; utrzymywać kontakt z kimś be in touch with sb; utrzymywać l. prowadzić z kimś korespondencję carry on l. keep up a correspondence with sb; utrzymywać kogoś przy życiu keep sb alive.

5. (= zatrzymywać) keep; utrzymać kogoś na stanowisku keep sb in their job; utrzymać kogoś na miejscu keep sb, not let sb go.

6. (= zapewniać byt) provide for, support, maintain; utrzymywać rodzinę provide for one's family, support a family, bring home the bacon.

7. (= wynajmować, zatrudniać) keep; utrzymywać służbę keep servants.

8. (= bronić) hold, remain in possession of; utrzymać twierdzę hold a fortress.

9. lit. (= twierdzić) maintain, hold, claim; ona utrzymuje, że... she will have it that...

utrzymywać się

ipf.

1. (= nie zmieniać pozycji) stay, remain; utrzymywać się na nogach be able to stand ( on one's own), keep one's feet; utrzymywać się na wodzie float, rest on water, stay afloat; ( jako właściwość fizyczna) be buoyant; utrzymywać się na fali przen. (manage to) stay on top.

2. (= nie tracić, pozostawać) remain, keep; utrzymać się na stanowisku ( w pracy) remain at one's post; utrzymać się w pracy hold down one's job; pozostać przy władzy l. u steru władzy remain in power; utrzymać się w lidze stay in the league; utrzymywać się przy życiu stay alive.

3. (= trwać) last, survive, persist, linger; ( o pogodzie) hold; utrzymywać się w dobrej formie stay fit.

4. (= żyć) make l. earn one's living, earn one's keep ( z czegoś off sth); subsist ( dzięki czemuś on sth); utrzymywać się z pracy rąk live by one's labor; z czego się utrzymujesz? what do you do for a living?; how do you make l. earn your living?

5. (= nie poddawać się) hold one's ground, hold the line.

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > utrzymywać
20 निस् _nis

निस् ind.

1 As a prefix to verbs it implies separa- tion (away from, outside of), certainty, completeness or fulness, enjoyment, crossing over, transgressing &c.; (for examples see under (निर्).

-2 As a prefix to nouns, not directly derived from verbs, it forms nouns or adjectives, and has the sense of (a) 'out of', 'away from'; as in निर्वन, निष्कौशाम्बि; or (b) more usu- ally, 'not', 'without', 'devoid of' (having a privative force); निःशेष 'without a remainder'; निष्फल, निर्जल, &c. N. B. In compound the स् of निस् is changed to र् before vowels and soft consonants (see निर्), to a visarga before sibilants, to श् before च् and छ्, and to ष् before क् and प्; cf. दुस्.

-Comp. -कण्टक (निष्कण्टक) a.

1 thornless.

-2 free from thorns or enemies, free from danger or nuisance. (

-कः) N. of Śiva.

-कन्द (निष्कन्द) a. without edible roots.

-कपट (निष्कपट) a. guileless, sincere.

-कम्प (निष्कम्प) a. motionless, steady, im- movable; निष्कम्पचामरशिखाः Ś.1.8; Ku.3.48.

-करुण (निष्करुण) a. merciless, pitiless, cruel.

-करूष (निष्क रूष) a. free from dirt.

-कर्मन् (निष्कर्मन्) a. inactive.

-कल (निष्कल) a.

1 without parts, undivided, whole.

-2 waned, decayed, diminished.

-3 impotent, barren.

-4 maimed.

-5 inarticulate (a musical term); N.21.16.

-6 Without attributes, or qualities; निष्कलं निष्क्रियं शान्तं निरवद्यं निरञ्जनम् Śvet. Up; Bhāg.1.9.44; तद् ब्रह्म निष्कलमहं (स्मरामि).

-(लः) 1 a receptacle.

-2 the pudendum muliebre.

-3 N. of Brahmā. (

-ला, -ली) an elderly woman, one who is past child-bearing, or one in whom menstruation has ceased.

-कलङ्क, (निष्कलङ्क) -कल्मष a. stainless, spotless.

-कषाय (निष्कषाय) a. free from dirt or impure passions.

-कान्त (निष्कान्त) a. not lovely, ugly.

-काम (निष्काम) a.

1 free from wish or desire, desireless, disinterested, unselfish.

-2 free from all worldly desires; विशिष्टफलदाः पुंसां निष्कामाणां विमुक्तिदाः Viṣṇu. P. (

-मम् ind.)

1 without wish or desire.

-2 unwillingly.

-कारण (निष्कारण) a.

1 causeless, unneces- sary.

-2 disinterested, free from any motive; निष्कारणो बन्धुः.

-3 groundless, not proceeding from any cause. (

-णम् ind.) without any cause or reason, causelessly, needlessly.

-कालकः (निष्कालकः) a penitent shaven and smeared with clarified butter.

-कालिक (निष्कालिक) a.

1 one whose term of life is over or elapsed, whose days are numbered.

-2 one who has no conqueror, invincible (अजय्य).

-किञ्चन (निष्किञ्चन) a. penniless, poor, indigent; प्रज्ञानं शौचमेवात्र शरीरस्य विशेषतः । तथा निष्कि- ञ्चनत्वं च मनसश्च प्रसन्नता ॥ Mb.

-किल्विष (निष्किल्विष) a. sinless, faultless.

-कुल (निष्कुल) a. having no kindred, left alone in the world. (निष्कुलं कृ 'to cut off completely, exterminate'; निष्कुला कृ

1 to exterminate one's family

-2 to shell, strip off the husk; निष्कुलाकरोति दाडिमम् Sk.; N.22.15.)

-कुलीन (निष्कुलीन) a. of low family.

-कूज (निष्कूज) a. still, silent; U.2.16.

-कूट (निष्कूट) a. pitiless, merciless, cruel.

-कैवल्य (निष्कैवल्य) a.

1 mere, pure, absolute.

-2 deprived of final beatitude (मोक्षहीन).

-कोश (निष्कोश) a. unsheathed.

-कौशाम्बि (निष्कौशाम्बि) a. who has gone out of Kauśāmbī.

-क्रिय (निष्क्रिय) a.

1 inactive.

-2 not performing ceremonial rites; Ms.1.58.

-3 knowing higher know- ledge as a sage, Saṁnyāsin; न्यासे कुटीचकः पूर्वं बह्वोदो हंस- निष्क्रियौ Bhāg.3.12.43.

-यम् the Supreme Spirit (ब्रह्म).

-क्षत्र (निःक्षत्र), -क्षत्रिय (निःक्षत्रिय) a. destitute of the military tribe.

-क्षेपः (निःक्षेपः) = निक्षेप q. v.

-चक्रम् (निश्चक्रम्) ind. completely; निश्चक्रं हतराक्षसः पुनरगाद्ब्रह्मत्व- माद्यं स्थिराम् A. Rām.1.1.1.

-चक्रिक (निश्चक्रिक) a. without tricks, honest.

-चक्षुस् (निश्चक्षुस्) a. blind, eyeless.

-चत्वारिंशः (निश्चत्वारिंश) a. past forty.

-चिन्त (निश्चिन्त) a.

1 free from anxiety, unconcerned, secure.

-2 thoughtless, unthinking.

-चेतन (निश्चेतन) a. unconscious.

-चेतस् (निश्चेतस्) a. not in one's right senses, mad.

-चेष्ट (निश्चेष्ट) a. motionless, powerless.

-चेष्टाकरण (निश्चेष्टाकरण) a. depriving (one) of motion, causing motionlessness (said of one the arrows of Cuhid).

-छन्दस् (निश्छन्दस्) a. not studying the Vedas (छन्दस्) Ms.3,7.

-छिद्र (निश्छिद्र) a.

1 without holes.

-2 without defects or weak points.

-3 uninterrupted, unhurt.

-तन्तु a.

1 having no offspring, childless.

-2 a Brahmachārin; मुण्डा निस्तन्तवश्चापि वस- त्यर्थार्थिनः पृथक् Mb.12.167.16.

-तन्द्र, -तन्द्रि a. not lazy, fresh, healthy.

-तमस्क -तिमिर a.

1 free from darkness, bright; तस्य द्वितीयहरिविक्रमनिस्तमस्कं वायोरिमं परि- वहस्य वदन्ति मार्गम् Ś.7.6.

-2 freed from sin or moral im- purities.

-तर्क्य a. unimaginable, inconceivable.

-तल a.

1 round, globular; मुक्ताकलापस्य च निस्तलस्य Ku.1.42. Kau. A.2.9.

-2 moving, trembling, shaking.

-3 bottom- less.

-4 down, below. (

-ला) a pill, round ball.

-तुल a. matchless, incomparable.

-तुष a.

1 freed from chaff.

-2 purified, cleansed.

-3 simplified. ˚क्षीरः wheat. ˚रत्नम् a crystal.

-4 faultless, pure; शशंस गुणैररीणैरुदयास्तनिस्तुषम् N.15.8.

-तुषत्वम् faultlessness; कवेः पुष्यति निस्तुषत्वम् Maṅkhaka.2.7.

-तुषित a.

1 husked.

-2 made thin.

-3 abandoned.

-तेजस् a. destitute of fire, heat or energy, powerless, impotent; न भेतव्यं भृशं चैते मात्रा निस्ते- जसः कृताः Mārk. P.

-2 spiritless, dull.

-3 obscure.

-त्रप a. impudent, shameless.

-त्रिंश a.

1 more than thirty; निस्त्रिंशानि वर्षाणि चैत्रस्य P.V.4.73; Sk.

-2 pitiless, merciless, cruel; हे निस्त्रिंश विमुक्तकण्ठकरुणं तावत् सखी रोदितु Amaru.6. (

-शः) a sword; निजध्नुः शरनिस्त्रिंशकुन्ततोमरशक्तिभिः Śiva B.3.19; शूरौर्निस्त्रिंशपाणिभिः Parnāl 1.5. ˚भृत् m. a sword-bearer.

-त्रैगुण्य a. destitute of the three qualities (सत्त्व, रजस् and तमस्); निस्त्रैगुण्यो भवार्जुन Bg.2.45.

-पक्व (निष्पक्व) well cooked, boiled.

-पङ्क (निष्पङ्क) a. free from mud, clear, pure.

-पताक (निष्पताक) a. having no flag or banner.

-पतिसुता (निष्पतिसुता) a woman having no husband and no sons.

-पत्र (निष्पत्र) a.

1 leafless.

-2 unfeathered, featherless. [निष्पत्राकृ 'to pierce with an arrow so that the feathers come through on the other side'; to cause excessive bodily pain (fig.); निष्पत्राकरोति मृगं व्याधः (सपुङ्खस्य शरस्य अपर- पार्श्वे निर्गमनान्निष्पत्रं करोति Sk.); एकश्च मृगः सपत्राकृतो$न्यश्च निष्पत्राकृतो$पतत् Dk.165; so यान्ती गुरुजनैः साकं स्मयमानानना- म्बुजा । तिर्यग्ग्रीवं यदद्राक्षीत्तन्निष्पत्राकरोज्जगत् Bv.2.132.]

-पथ्य (निष्पथ्य) a. unwell, ill

-पद (निष्पद) a. having no foot. (

-दम्) a vehicle moving without feet (as a ship).

-पराक्रम (निष्पराक्रम) a. weak, powerless.

-परामर्श (निष्परामर्श) a. without advice, helpless; M.4.2/3

-परिकर (निष्परिकर) a. without preparations.

-परिग्रह (निष्परिग्रह) a. having no property or possessions; Mu.2. (

-हः) an ascetic without family, dependents, or other belongings.

-परिच्छद (निष्परिच्छद) a. having no retinue or train.

-परिदाह (निष्परिदाह) a. incom- bustible.

-परिहार्य (निष्परिहार्य) a. To be applied by all means.

-परीक्ष (निष्परीक्ष) a. not examining or testing accurately.

-परीहार (निष्परीहार) a.

1 not avoiding.

-2 not observing caution.

-परुष (निष्परुष) a. (in music) soft.

-पर्यन्त (निष्पर्यन्त), -पार (निष्पार) a. boundless, unbounded.

-पर्याय (निष्पर्याय) a. out of order.

-पाप (निष्पाप) sinless, guiltless, pure.

-पुत्र (निष्पुत्र) a. sonless, childless.

-पुराण (निष्पुराण) a. not existing before, unheard of, new.

-पुरुष (निष्पुरुष) 1 unpeopled, tenantless, desolate.

-2 without male issue; Ms.3.7.

-2 not male, femi- nine, neuter.

-षः 1 a eunuch.

-2 a coward.

-पुलाक (निष्पुलाक) a. freed from chaff.

-पौरुष (निष्पौरुष) a. unmanly.

-प्रकम्प (निष्प्रकम्प) a. steady, immov- able, motionless.

-प्रकारक (निष्प्रकारक) 1 a. without ditinction of species, without specification, absolute.

-2 without the relation of the qualifier and the qualified, see निर्विकल्प (7); निष्प्रकारकं ज्ञानं निर्विकल्पकम् T. S.

-प्रकाश (निष्प्रकाश) a. not transparent, not clear, dark.

-प्रचार (निष्प्रचार) a.

1 not moving away, remaining in one place.

-2 concentrated, intently fixed; निष्प्रचारेण मनसा परं तदधिगच्छति Mb.12.215.17.

-प्रज्ञ (निष्प्रज्ञ) a. ignorant, stupid.

-प्रणय (निष्प्रणय) a. cold.

-प्रताप (निष्प्रताप) a. destitute of glory, mean, base; शङ्क- नीया हि सर्वत्र निष्प्रतापा दरिद्रता Pt.2.94.

-प्रति(ती)कार (निष्प्रति(ती)कार), -प्रतिक्रिय (निष्प्रतिक्रिय) a.

1 incurable, irremediable; सर्वथा निष्प्रतीकारेयमापदुपस्थिता K. 151.

-2 unobstructed, uninterrupted. (

-रम्) ind. un- interruptedly.

-प्रतिग्रह (निष्प्रतिग्रह) a. not accepting gifts.

-प्रतिघ (निष्प्रतिघ) a. unhindered, unob- structed, unimpeded; स हि निष्प्रतिघेन चक्षुषा त्रितयं ज्ञानमयेन पश्यति R.8.78.

-प्रतिद्वन्द्व (निष्प्रतिद्वन्द्व) a. without enemies, unopposed.

-2 matchless, unrivalled, unequal- led.

-प्रतिभ (निष्प्रतिभ) a.

1 devoid of splendour.

-2 having no intelligence, not ready-witted, dull, stu- pid.

-3 apathetic.

-प्रतिभान (निष्प्रतिभान) a. coward- ly, timid.

-प्रतीप (निष्प्रतीप) a.

1 looking straight- forward, not turned backwards.

-2 unconcerned (as a look).

-प्रत्याश (निष्प्रत्याश) a. hopeless, despon- dent.

-प्रत्यूह (निष्प्रत्यूह) a. unobstructed, unimped- ed; निष्प्रत्यूहाः प्रियसखि यदा दुःसहाः संबभूवुः Māl.9.45; निष्प्र- त्यूहमुपास्महे भगवतः कौमोदकीलक्ष्मणः Murārināṭakam.

-प्रपञ्च (निष्प्रपञ्च) a.

1 without extension.

-2 without deceit, honest.

-प्रभ (

निःप्रभ or

-निष्प्रभ) a.

1 lustreless, pale-looking; निष्प्रभश्च रिपुरास भूभृताम् R.11.81.

-2 powerless.

3 gloomy, obscure, dim, dark.

-प्रमाणक (निष्प्रमाणक) a. without authority.

-प्रयत्न (निष्प्र- यत्न) a. inactive, dull.

-प्रयोजन (निष्प्रयोजन) a.

1 without motive, not influenced by any motive.

-2 cause- less, groundless,

-3 useless.

-4 needless, unnecessary. (

-नम्) ind. causelessly, without reason, without any object; Mu.3.

-प्रवणि, प्रवाण, प्रवाणि (निष्प्रवणि, -ष्प्रवाण, -ष्प्रवाणि) a. fresh from loom, quite new (cloth, &c.)

-प्राण (निष्पाण) a.

1 lifeless, dead.

-2 Weak (निर्बल); निष्प्राणो नामिहन्तव्यः Mb.12.95.12.

-फल (निष्फल) a.

1 bearing no fruit, fruitless (fig. also), unsuccessful, futile; निष्फलारम्भयत्नाः Me.56.

-2 useless, profitless, vain; Ku.4.13.

-3 barren (as a tree).

-4 meaningless (as a word).

-5 seedless, impotent. (

-ला, -ली) a woman past child-bearing.

-फेन (निष्फेन) a. foamless. n. opium.

-शङ्क (निःशङ्क) a. free from fear or risk, secure, fearless. (

-निःशङ्कः) (in music) a kind of dance. -f. (निःशङ्का) absence of fear. -ind. fearlessly, securely, easily.

-शब्द (निःशब्द) a. not expressed in words, inaudible; निःशब्दं रोदितुमारेभे K.135. (

-ब्दः, ब्दम्) silence, a calm.

-शमः (निःशमः) uneasiness, anxiety.

- शरण a. (

-निःशरण) helpless, forlorn.

-शर्कर (

-निःशर्कर) a. free from pebbles (as a bathing place).

-शलाक (निःशलाक) a. lonely, solitary, retired. (

-कम्) a retired place, solitude; अरण्ये निःशलाके वा मन्त्रयेदविभावितः Ms.7.147.

-शल्य a.

1 free from arrows.

-2 free from thorns or darts.

-शूक (निःशूक) a. merciless, cruel. (

-कः) beardless rice.

-शेष (निःशेष) a. with- out remainder (either finished or passed away).

-शोध्य (निःशोध्य) a. washed, pure, clean.

-श्रीकः a.

1 deprived of lustre, beauty.

-2 unhappy.

-श्रेयस a. the best, most excellent. (

-सः) an epithet of Śiva. (

-सम्) final beatitude, absolution; यः करोति वधोदर्का निःश्रेयसकरीः क्रियाः Ki.11.19; see निःश्रेयस also.

-2 devo- tion, faith, belief.

-3 apprehension, conception.

-4 happiness (in general), welfare; इदं निःश्रेयसं परम् Ms. 1.16.

-संशय (निःसंशय) a.

1 undoubted, certain.

-2 not doubtful, not suspecting or doubting; कुरु निः- संशयं वत्से स्ववृत्ते लोकमित्यशात् R.15.79. (

-यम्) ind. doubtlessly, undoubtedly, surely, certainly.

-संस्कार (निःसंस्कार) a. uneducated, ill-mannered.

-संख्य (निःसंख्य) a. innumerable.

-संग (निःसंग) a.

1 not attached or devoted to, regardless of, indifferent to; यन्निःसंगस्त्वं फलस्यानतेभ्यः Ki.18.24.

-2 one who has re- nounced all worldly attachments; भर्तुर्ये प्रलये$पि पूर्वसुकृता- सङ्गेन निःसङ्गया भक्त्या कार्यधुरं वहन्ति कृतिनस्ते दुर्लभास्त्वादृशाः Mu.1.14.

-3 unconnected, separated, detatched.

-4 unobstructed; निःसङ्गं प्रतिभिरुपाददे विवृत्तिः Ki.7.12. (

-गम्) ind. unselfishly.

-संचारः (निःसंचारः) not taking a walk; Māl.

-संज्ञ (निःसंज्ञ) a. unconscious.

-सत्त्व (निःसत्त्व) a.

1 unenergetic, weak, impotent.

-2 mean, insignificant, low.

-3 non-existent, unsubstantial.

-4 deprived of living beings.

(-त्त्वम्) 1 absence of power or energy.

-2 non-existence.

-3 insignificance.

-संतति (निःसंतति), -संतान (निःसंतान) a. childless.

-संदिग्ध (निःसंदिग्ध), -संदेह (निःसंदेह) a. see निःसंशय.

-संधि (निस्संधि), निःसंधि) a. having no joints perceptible, compact, firm, close,

-सपत्न (निःसपत्न) a.

1 having no rival or enemy; घनरुचिरकलापो निःसपत्नो$द्य जातः V.4.1.

-2 not claimed by another, belonging exclusively to one possessor.

-3 having no foes.

-समम् (निःसमम्) ind.

1 unseasonably, at a wrong time.

-2 wickedly.

-संपात (निःसंपात) a. affording no passage, blocked up. (

-तः) the darkness of midnight, thick darkness.

-संबाध (निःसंबाध) a. not contracted, spacious, large.

-संभ्रम (निःसंभ्रम) a. not perplexed, unembarrassed.

-सरणि (निःसरणि) a. pathless.

-सह (निःसह) a.

1 Exhausted, powerless; कुसुमावचयपरिश्रमनिःसहं मे शरीरम् Nāg.2.

-2 intolerable, irresistible.

-सार (निःसार) a.

1 sapless, pithless.

-2 worthless, vain, unsubstantial. ˚ता

1 sapless, pithlessness; निःसारत्वाल्लघीयसः (तृणस्य च समा गतिः) Pt.1.16.

-2 worthlessness.

-3 vanity, un- substantial or transitory nature.

-सीम (निःसीम), -सीमन् (निःसीमन्) a. immeasurable, boundless; अहह महतां निःसीमानश्चरित्रविभूतयः Bh.2.35; निःसीमशर्मप्रदम् 3.97.

-स्तम्भ (निःस्तम्भ) a. having no pillars.

-2 having no support.

-3 not proud; निःस्तम्भो भ्रष्टसंकल्पः स्वान् मेघान् स न्यवारयत् Bhāg.1.25.24.

-सूत्र a. helpless; निःसूत्रमास्ते घनपङ्कमृत्सु N.7.69.

-स्नेह (निःस्नेह) a.

1 not unctuous or greasy, without unction or oil, dry.

-2 not showing affection, unfeeling, unkind, indifferent.

-3 not loved, not cared for; केशा अपि विरज्यन्तो निःस्नेहाः किं न सेवकाः Pt.1. 82.

-4 not longing for, indifferent to. (

-हा) lin-seed.

-स्पन्द (

निःस्पन्द or

निस्स्पन्द) a. motionless, steady; ज्याबन्धनिस्स्पन्दभुजेन यस्य R.6.4.

-स्पर्श (निःस्पर्श) a. hard, rough.

-स्पृह (निःस्पृह) a. free from desire; निःस्पृहस्य तृणं जगत्.

-2 regardless of, indifferent to; ननु वक्तृविशेषनिःस्पृहाः Ki.2.5; R.8.1; भोगेभ्यः स्पृहयालवो न हि वयं का निःस्पृहाणामसि Bh.

-3 content, unenvious.

-4 free from any worldly ties.

-स्व (निःस्व) a. poor, indigent; निस्वो वष्टि शतम् Śānti.2.6; त्यक्त्वा जनयितारं स्वं निःस्वं गच्छति दूरतः Pt.1.9.

-स्वन (निःस्वन) a. soundless.

-स्वभावः (निःस्वभावः) poverty. -a. void of peculiarities.

-स्वादु (निःस्वादु) a. tasteless, insipid.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > निस् _nis

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to support one's family

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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to support one's family

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